Language Is Not the Only Problem Faced by International Students

Language is not the only problem faced by international students in the UK. To what extent do you agree with this statement? International students are very important for the economic growth of the UK. Number of international students in UK was about 405,910 in 2009 and in 2010 it increased up to 428,225 (which is about 6%). These students play a very important role in UK’s economy and bring huge income to the country. Shane Spiers, managing director of UNITE says â€Å"The UK's higher education sector-and, indeed, the UK economy-rely heavily on the income derived from international students†. As the research from the Department for Business Innovation and Skills called Estimating the value to the UK of Education Experts (June 2011) says that in 2008-2009 income of the tuition fee to the UK was oven than ? 4 billion where ? 2. 4 billion for HE, ? 139 million for FE and ? 880 million for english language. The same BIS research noticed that in 2025 this number could rise as high as ? 26 billion. Another income for UK income comes from science, technology, engineering and mathematics’: 40% of UK postgraduates, 50% of those doing full-time research degrees. English language became an international language and this is one of the main reasons why many students travel to UK to learn english. Another reason is that education in UK is recognized as high level or â€Å"world-class education†. International students in UK can face many problems and the most common one is the language barrier. Even for students who know english it may be hard for them to understand dialect of UK citizens. For example: In class teacher speaks academic english and uses special words which depend on the subject that they are learning.This is a common problem, but teachers are always ready to help students, so in a way, this issue is solved. There are many other problems that could be more serious for the students. International students are living in a foreign cou ntry where they could be victims of racial discrimination or they could face financial difficulties or just feel homesick of their country. Most of the students are inexperienced in living away from their home, so this is their first experience in an unfamiliar environment with different culture and traditions, trying to adapt and co-exist with the others.Evidently at the beginning they can face problems such as culture shock and the difficulties in communication. Two general issues are very popular for most of the international students which are finance managing and making/finding/building friendship. This essay will define three very popular problems that international students may face. Life and education in UK is very expensive and it might be hard for some students to afford it, so they have to borrow large amount of money from their parents or relatives in order to pay for education and life in UK. Students must be very good in managing finances.Comparing cost of products in UK with the cost of products in their home country will be different, so it might be hard for them at the beginning to manage their finances. Mis-allocation of finance can lead to large loss of money and at the end of year students may be left destitute. Apart from this overseas education represents a huge investment by family and students may feel that they have to return this money or at least to make a profit by working in part-time job and limit their expenditures. Students probably may try their best to reduce the pressure on their family.Students will try to concentrate more spend more time looking for work rather than concentrating on studying. Many university activities require membership fees to enter the society and may have further expenses for some trips or extra activities. This could keep away the students from joining the societies or clubs and isolating them from the social part of the university life. This could lead to loneliness and depression. Finance problems ca n push student to reduce the time at work available for study and this can cause academic consequences.According to the managing finances, problems with communication and friendship can happen. The satisfaction level of living in UK is very important and makes a positive impact on academy. This satisfaction can be provided by friendship with other students and more likely with British people. Friendship with local students could be more useful than friendship with co-national by several reasons the main one is the language improvement. However, international students may find it difficult. The reason of that is the big difference in culture or mentality.International students can find their behavior strange or dissimilar in contrast with people in their homeland. Communication is not just talking, it also contains eye contact, body language, tone of voice and even national privileges. All together they can make communication very easy or can be a cause of disaffection. For instance, international students may struggle with eye contact – when to give eye contact or where to look away and do not make people feel uncomfortable. Tone of voice also can be a reason of misunderstanding.The rules of communication people get from their parents and mentality and to change them can be hard. Finally, international students can have a problem known as â€Å"culture shock†. First this problem was defined by Canadian anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1960. Dr. Oberg stated that culture shock is â€Å"the anxiety that results from losing familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse†. The most common signs of â€Å"culture shock† are homesickness, avoiding contact with the locals, marital stress, loss of concentration, frequent desire to cry, and losses of all the aims in UK.Mostly duration of culture shock is 6 month but for some student may be longer. During this time students are comparing new country to their homeland. In conclusion, internati onal students in UK face many problems apart from the language barrier. All of these problems may have a negative impact on studies. However, solving these problems will help students to become morally stronger and more responsible. These three general problems can teach an international student how to adapt fast in a new country in his or her future life.These problems cannot stay unsolved and if students are struggling with them in university they can find some free tutorials and tutors who can give a good advice about how to juggle study with solving these problems. References Sally Adamson Taylor (2010,). Retrieved from http:// americansintoulouse. com/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=47 Machalicek W. , Ganz J. B. , Flores . M. , Zimbelman M (2005-2009) Retrieved from http://www. asdvisualaids. com/social-communication-difficulties. htmlShane Spiers, (2011, June). Retrieved from http://ukcisa. org. uk , http://smartmoverelocate. com Colleen Ward, Stephen Bochner, Adrian Furnham (2001) Retrieved from book: The Psychology of Culture Shock (Second edition) Maureen S. , Andrade and Norman W. Evans (2009) Retrieved from book: International students – Strengthening a Critical Resource. Published by Rowman & Littlefield Education. Nannette Rundle Carroll (2010) Retrieved from book: The Communication Problem Solver. Simple tools and Techniques for Busy Managers

Poetry

Alone In a dark room, -Every entity has left me here. -The door Is barred by a broom, Belonging to the witch who sealed my faith. -Curled into a ball -Knees to my chest, back against the wall. -This is my only protection. -Although the only breath I hear is my own, -I'm reminded I'm not yet alone. Lingering above me Is the everlasting pressure, -That makes my body wrack with sobs. -Cut, It whispers, The foul word drips with a venom even snakes envy. It swirls around me, -Taking in the sight of the cowardly abomination that is me. This may not be a pleasurable presence, -But at least I'm not abandoned. -Detached from all beings, this empty feeling must be my sole purpose. 2.Time bomb – 2014 -You're Like a time bomb -Ticking endlessly -She's walling for you to explode Stabbing her with the millions of scattered pieces you'll have broken into -It's only a matter of time -As she watches you fading -You're falling apart before her eyes -and she is trying desperately to do -what all the kings horses and all the kings men couldn't -But she can't change the past -She can't undo what's already been done -She can't take back their venomous words Or somehow make you forget all the pain you endured -Because even If she drives them away -you are soul your own worst enemy And the monsters outside -The paint of your resilience is chipping away -And you're clutching to your blade more desperately than before -Her pleas and promises are falling on deaf ears -And sometimes she wonders if all this sorrow is worth -the happiness she feels -When she's holding your hand -But then she remembers the girl -Who, at only fifteen -Was going to take her life -And she was clutching Just as desperately to that knife -but you saved her -And you've been saving her ever since She saw a light in your eyes, there was nothing left to fear -And now helplessly -She watches it disappear -She wants to be the savior, that you are to her -But no matter how hopeful she seems -She's optimistic in v ain -You say she can't make you happy, she can't end the pain -She speaks wistfully of future plans -She wishes on a star -Words turn into razors -You say you don't plan on making it that far -But she still loves you Just the way you are -And like a time bomb would -You'll explode -destroying everything in your path -And when you do -She'll have nothing left -Suicide is such a Shiite thing to expect 3. Thunderstorm – 2014 -You taught me how to count beautifully -The seconds between -Thunder and lightning -As it shook the foundation of our world -You taught me -Not to be afraid -But baby there is a thunderstorm -Raging on outside -But I can only count -The days since you -All because -Of me 4.How to destroy an infection – 2014 I need someone To help me get rid of these feelings The feeling that I'm disgusting But I've come to realize that No one can get rid of them No one They're a part of me And the only way to destroy the infection Is to attack at the root 5. Sixty pe rcent deadly – 2014 Humans are approximately Sixty percent water Because, you see We are all oceans Seas Lakes Rivers Puddles Droplets Tears We slip our fingertips in To test the waters To see if these people will love us Love you Foolishly For you have forgotten As you always do when you are Blinded & confused as sweet liquid Fills your lungs You're drowning Drowning in someone else But you are not the victim You are the villain Ignorant Have you forgotten, Sabina?You are a plague A reckless force of evil You create hurricanes with Your words Typhoons with Your actions Yet still you dip your fingertips in Slowly being swallowed In bittersweet and forgetful bliss As you kill everyone around you How many lives must you take To remember 6. Crimson – 2013 The dark crimson streaks They're all too familiar Deep down across the canvas of my wrist You promised†¦ I hear his echo The solemn whisper still clear Above the buzzing in my ear I lay in bed, open my eyes Shift my head I'm looking at destruction, hatred Written across my wrists They scream at me I'm staring at words Strong enough to break bones I'm peering in through the cracks Is someone looking back?She wants to escape The girl inside She can't find her way out I need a small crevice, she hisses, Just one, pretty please? Sweet venom laces her words I wonder aloud, hearing no reply Has she gone already? Lied and escaped without a passing goodbye? Or maybe I cut too deep And broke her too But Just then, I hear A faint laugh I'm still deep down inside of you Cut deeper, you'll reach me I promise Those two words are so familiar But my cuts have almost healed I plead But Sabina, darling, I need to be freed I can't stand this anymore Just end the pain I know what to do I must be insane And with that We're back to where we started And how I've missed it It's been three days since I last saw 7.Click © – 2014 They say to wear your heart on your sleeve But That seems a bit gruesome Doesn't it? How does one wear a heart? Do you take a needle and thread Slowly and painfully piercing The edges of your heart Threading it to The fabric on your wrist Splattering the innocent,even friends With blood as you wave It's almost laughable Do you attach it to The nerve endings Willing them to protrude And wrap around the organ we have removed As a sort of method to express ourselves What a comical notion I'm sorry It Just seems rather silly to me I'd love to show my feelings But I'd prefer to keep my organs inside 8. Learning to Breathe Water – 2014 You know the things you learnThat you would've never considered prior to learning them but after learning them you feel like you've known you're whole life and you try but you can't remember who you were before that like Who was I before I knew x Like Sabina, your mouth is not a good place for spare change Sabina, your mouth should not speak of change that is a Mans decision Sabina, put on your settable Sabina, wearing a short sk irt is Just as dangerous as not wearing one Sabina, you have to go home your shorts are much too short I hear Sabina, the boys have to focus to learn, your body is too distracting and it is your alt that they sexuality you Sabina, the electrical socket is not a good place for dinner knives Sabina, neither is your wrist Okay Sabina, neither are your thighs I realize that learning is Just Life crushing and molding your brain You lose independence You wonder what you can do I try desperately To breathe water Even though I've learned So long ago that Sabina, you can't breathe water Unless you don't want to breathe Anymore 9. Wear girls – 2014 We are the girls who haven't run the mile in four years because we Layer our deep v necks with excuses and bat our eyelashes at the male gym teachersWe are taught to survive by using our bodies as Swiss Army knives Involuntarily It's the game we've been playing since we were children Deceive, but be polite Girls, we have to be nice Used to t he masculine brutality Male kindness is so alien to us we mistake it for seduction every time Age 7, my 15 year old cousin touches me, makes me touch him It took me years to realize that force was not love, when he called me beautiful he did not look beneath my abused skin Age 12, Dad says wearing short skirts in the city is like driving without a settable Age 13, a boy I've been dating for a week asks me to have sex with him, he says it's he only way I can show my love Age 15, my boyfriend, hits me If only it was unexpected I blame myself Age 16, my dad calls me sexy, on a regular basis, I take it as a compliment not knowing any better but the queasy feeling in my stomach tells me Something is wrong With the Waved tardiest, free drinks, smacked asses, my yoga pants are not a welcome mat, thank you Playing this game to realize This is not female privilege this is survival of the prettiest We are easily startled Who wouldn't be I am barked at from the streets We are the girls petrifi ed of the business school boys who learn to somehow manifest success by refusing to take no for an answer Aggression is key Once my friend and I got cat called She said screw you I said thank you, head down Like I was trained to 10. I once loved a psychopath- 2014 I once loved a psychopath Completely aware He could never be capable of a love that wasn't Clinging to another person and wrapping around their Throats and down their chests and to their hearts To squeeze out every once of affection from you But I didn't care Because he told me the world wasn't nearly as beautiful as I He told me That the reason why our blood is red Is the same reason why some stars are redTheir time is Almost up Our time is It has always been And he told me that's okay That this only means it wont be too long before We become fireworks And we'd be a part of something Tremendously bigger Together And I once loved a psychopath Who kept me alive Longer than the medication and therapy ever could I became slow ly entangled in his words His false compliments tied me down and I knew Exactly what was happening His words ran up my body, creeping Like vines Thorns cutting me as they slithered Up my torso Wrapping around my throat Wrapping his hands around my throat And squeezing So hard, I began to see stars And I said to myself; This is it. My time is up. I am a firework, and I am becoming a part of something bigger. 11. My kind of alone – 2014 People think of alone as A dark hole Where no sound and no light and no life can Penetrate But I don't think so because I have been down that hole many times before I have lived it and still I feel More at home there than Or a group full of friends But who knows Maybe our kind of alone is the sadder kind Because it's the kind that makes you Not fear death anymore 12.Letting go- 2014 Letting go of The one you thought you loved more than Anything More than Everything Is not like dropping someone off The edge of a cliff However badly you might wish it was It's not And no matter how long you Put it off This inevitable thing It will never be easier Just get it over with Oh but don't be fooled Getting it over with does not imply An instantaneous relief They aren't some bandit Holding together two infected halves Of a whole twisted heart Oh no Letting go Of someone you love Is a slow release A long painful exhale In a room starved for oxygen A Jet of helium Slowly streaming from that pinprick In the plastic skin of a young child's party balloon Who didn't get their birthday wish Poetry I picked this poem thinking this seems like a funny title and it would be a confusing poem that had a simple title but a deep meaning. This poem had a lot of alliteration the roots ere and re were repeated very often,and the only roots used in the poem. The only exception to this order was the the first line in verse five where minotaur was used. The minotaur was placed there conclude to break the steady rhyme. This is cleverly placed to bring the attention of the reader o the conclusion. Here is where/ You can get nowhere† This itself Starts the poem at a negative context and a feeling Of hopelessness. This in the poem represents life as being where you are your fate has decreed to be there is no point of struggling or trying to run away from it. All of life's problems are symbolized as the corn mazes twist and turns. â€Å"Like any other/ You can't peer over/ And then another. † The twisting turns in this poem like problems cannot e seen ahead of time you just run into them.When you are done dealing with one problem the next one appears. As we try to shape our destinies by ourselves we wake blindly not knowing what we do assuming we we are doing what's best for us. â€Å"Your inner minotaur† is a psychological term which can mean your fear of the unknown or your destiny. In psychology it IS said that you walk on hands and knees blindly until you are able to confront your inner minotaur. Which coincidentally relates with the poem. But on you blunder† shows the severity of our method of pursuing our destiny. To summarize the poem I conclude that this poem shows the futility of life of how no matter how hard we try to run we have acknowledge in the end that we have accept we have go nowhere in life. Like the pace of the poem it goes at steady pace. I am able to connect many of the situations of this poem to my life it shows my problems and how they come unexpected.

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M1A2 AND M2A1 - qualitative research - Essay Example M1A1 Identified phenomenon in the workplace that can be explored by qualitative research method and its analysis Significance of effects of stress and attitude on employees’ productivity level is one of the workplace phenomena that can be explored by a qualitative research method. Stress defines response to a physical or mental strain and is a common factor in the workplace because of the scope of people’s lives and the work environment. People combine work and private life and the strain in balancing the two, together with effects of the demands in a worker’s personal life induces stress among workers. Personal attitudes towards other employees and work processes are also common and may be influenced by emotional stability from stress among employees. These factors dictates worker’s focus, and may influence their effectiveness and efficiencies at the workplace. It is therefore important to understand employee’s states and possible effects of the we lfare on organizational processes for managerial initiatives. Understanding stress and attitude indicators among employees and the relationship between levels of stress and employee productivity can for example help in counseling employees with the aim or reducing impacts of stress and poor attitudes in an organization (McGraw Hill, n.d.). Suitability of qualitative research method for the phenomenon: Seven characteristics of a qualitative research The differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods justify the choice of qualitative approach for the proposed study. The study’s epistemological assumptions identify social perspectives in employees’ social lives and this is a characteristic of a qualitative research. The study’s purpose that seeks to understand employees’ experiences with stress and attitude towards decision making also identifies with qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research objectives of establishing relat ionships for forecasting. The type of raw data for the study, expressions regarding stress, attitude, and ability to work, is qualitative and is therefore compatible with a qualitative method. Further, the study’s emphasis on developing an understanding on association among the factors and its non-random sampling approach of a single organization also identify the research with qualitative method. The proposed data collection strategies for, interviews and observation, that allows for simultaneous analysis, and applicable quality criteria such as credibility and dependability of data also justifies the proposed study’s suitability for a qualitative study and not a quantitative one (Agrosy University, 2005). M2A1: Description of a qualitative research scenario for the phenomenon Introduction Stress has been identifies as a significant factor to employee’s productivity levels in an organization with an inverse correlation. This also suggests a negative relationshi p between poor attitude and productivity (Bashir, 2010). The knowledge of significance of stress and attitude on productivity is however not sufficient for preventive measures and further research is necessary on the significance of different stress and attitude levels and the levels’ indicators (Hancock and Szalma, 2008). This research approach to the workplace phenomenon will therefore develop a model of stress and att

Human Traffricking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Traffricking - Essay Example the trafficker; it is easier for traffickers sell the victims, if the victims trust them before knowing their real identity (â€Å"Nature and Extent†, 2012). According to the law enforcement agencies in the United States, there are more female victims, as compared to male victims. The victims are then forced into prostitution, labor and domestic services. There are many ways in which the USA and other countries are combating sex and human trafficking. The first way is making strict laws for those who are involved in this business and making sure that these laws are implemented. Moreover, countries where human and sex trafficking is a criminal offense, they carry out awareness programs for both male and females, to make them aware about how they should protect themselves, from being recruited. An example of such a program is Polaris project, which is a hotline where people who have been the victims or are going through this process, can call and record their experience (Whitten, 2014). Whitten, S. (2014). Finding strength within: a look at Phoenix’s efforts to help sex-trafficking victims. Retrieved 17 June 2014, from

Direct marketing plan for expatriate sports and health centre Essay

Direct marketing plan for expatriate sports and health centre - Essay Example The direct market plan for developing the club will: i. First, create the overview of health and sports marketing to create the required brand’s message ii. Next, proceed to determine how the message fits the club’s development, and match the opportunities with the new brand message. iii. Finally, the health and sports club should be determined by the strategic business formula, and a clear, concise and meaningful approach applied. The centre will begin providing sports and health services in the city for expatriates and their families. The centre will start operating from January 2012 as per the schedule program. 1.0 Introduction The market focus for the direct marketing plan is provided by an extensive market fronts in Expatriate Sports and Health Centre and the larger global markets. The composition of business growing levels brings about the Expatriate Sports and Health Centre’s relevance into the significant market exploration of Real’s product bases. This is competitively provided in view of the marketing strategy process and within the evidenced market penetration, the business explains its promising role in exploring the potentially rich sporting markets in Expatriate Sports and Health Centre. ... 1.1.2 Business Description The children and/or adults can spend all the time in the centre taking part in a number of activities including multi-sport coaching programs offered. The club will offer a number of sessions that are intended to help built and improve the participants’ health and in some instances professional wellbeing. The centre will cover several types of sports including cricket, football, tennis, hockey, dance and martial arts. On the health side, a modern gym will be set up to gather for the general physical exercises such as weight loss programs. 1.1.3 Management description The overall management will be vested on the members of staff. The top level managers will be undertaken by the board of directors. Individual day-day responsibilities will be done by the management. The appropriate strategy for running the centre will be based on relevant laws and regulations. Specific areas which would require an inclusive leadership would also be determined. 1.1.4 Pur pose of the direct market plan This plan is intended to propose a project which will include developing a structure that offers a range of facilities from fitness to social connection. The layout and atmosphere will certainly meet internationally accepted standards. Further, the club will be completed with luxuriant steam rooms, plunge pools and saunas. There will be an extension which will be based on customized needs. For instance, the plan will have secluded sessions for treatments. It will also have other secluded areas for rejuvenating toning and also for slimming regimes. The direct market plan will make a proposal including relevant feasibility study evaluations and operational determinations. 1.2 Strategic Plan The strategy

Perceiving The Problem Of Poverty In Modern Society Essay

Perceiving The Problem Of Poverty In Modern Society - Essay Example Acceptance of poverty, however, has not been an easy fact that the people can easily accept (Stark 381). Stimulating stereotype among poor people is a factor that would increase inequality in societies. Even though people have the right to different opinions concerning poor people, the stereotype of individuals based on poverty has brought limited freedom among low-income families. People stereotype the poor based on education. The poor people have the view of being uneducated individuals (Peck 15). The society views the poor as people who were not ready to work towards achieving given goals in school. People in the society view education as the last option of eliminating poverty. This implies that there is an attachment of essentiality on education as the only way for gaining access to wealth. This leads to stereotyping among poor people in society. The biased individuals view the poor as people think that the poor people are in the circumstances due to their liking. This is an aspect of stereotyped behavior. With this respect, there has been a widened gap concerning the different class of people that base on education practices. It gives rise to the learned and unlearned in the society. Such activities have created low freedom among low-income families within the communities. For example, they do not have access to certain urban sectors where people go to stu dy due to low self-esteem and an inability to achieve the same. Additionally, there is bias in evaluating the position of the poor such as lazy in society (Rank 63). They do not recognize poverty as part of life. Some people believe that poor people are individuals who are not ready to take on opportunities that come their way.

Health Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Reform - Research Paper Example Preskitt (2008) indicates that Clinton’s health reform plan is one that not only affected patients but also other service providers and physicians.. First, studies indicate that about 36 million Americans were uninsured at that time (Preskitt, 2008). This percentage of Americans comprises of the poor and majority depended on aid from other sources. On a realistic point of analysis, it would be extremely tasking for Clinton’s policy to apply among such population brackets. This can be discussed on a cost constraint point of view, since the available resources were not well reorganized. Universal recognition not being the centre of the focus of Clinton’s reform plan, failure of the plan was indeed in the pipeline. Brady & Kessler (2009) indicate that Clinton’s Health Care Reform failed for the reason that this plan was more inclined towards promoting a market for insurance on a long term basis. The administration was of the opinion that expanding then public health sector would be very expensive for the government. Long term insurance care was on a great extent left for the private sector. Investors were at an advantage that was geared towards coming up with a market for private employers, in terms of provision of long term care. The costs of health care rose tremendously, provision of long term care was then laid on the line. Preskitt (2008) indicates that Clinton’s health plan did not receive public support both from the liberals and conservatives. Democrats were opposed to the fact that none of the constituencies was fully for the program. For instance, the aged feared the cutting down of Medicare and nothing would do good to them in return (Starr, 1995). The high costs of health plans were also expected to be expensive; thus, taxing to the common citizens. Generally, Clinton had no back up to support the policies. It is in line to this argument that Oberlander (2002) argues that Clinton’s health plan would have been planned and

International Marketing(2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Marketing(2) - Essay Example The organization of EITC or Du mainly offered services such as fixed lines, mobile services, internet services, telephony as well as digital television services that enhanced its revenues and net income by US$ 2.77 billion and US$ 540 million in the year 2012. Moreover, due to the presentation of varied types of services, the brand image and reputation of the organization enhanced by a significant extent as compared to many other rival players (Du, 2014). Bargaining power of the customer: the bargaining power of the customers of Indian market is extremely high. This is mainly due to the presence of numerous rival players such as BSNL, MTNL, Vodafone, Airtel, Aircel etc. As a result, the organization of EITC or Du need to offer new services at a competitive rate so as attract the customers of Indian market towards the brand as compared to others (Grant, 2010, pp. 110-123). Bargaining power of the suppliers: the bargaining power of the suppliers is quite low. This is mainly because; the branded and reputed organizations always try to maintain an agreement with the popular suppliers so as to attain best services to its target customers. Therefore, in order to retain its position and reputation in the market, the suppliers had to obey the rules and regulations of the organizations (Grant, 2010, pp. 110-123). Competitive rivalry: the level of rivalry is extremely high in India. This is mainly due to the presence of many rival players such as Vodafone, BSNL, Airtel, Idea, Aircel etc. Other than this, each and every telecom service provider is trying to offer varied types of inventive services to its customers so as to enhance its dominance and market share as compared to others. Therefore, in order to maintain its position and ranking, the organization need to offer high concentration over product development strategy as compared to others. Threat of substitute products: the threat of substitute products is extremely high in the market

Buddhist Scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhist Scriptures - Essay Example Buddha expects everyone to live and lead a happy and peaceful life. Buddhism does not entertain strange, unfounded beliefs and is not much concerned about what is happening over the sky. It addresses to the day to day secular problems and the procedures to meet the challenges with equanimity, and with a confident mental poise. Buddha is an enlightened soul, and he has transcended the barriers of the mind and he remains in the state of bliss. His revelations (not teachings) are delivered from the conflict-free zone, and hence they are divine-ordained, blemish-free and everlasting. He does not expect his followers to act on blind faith, and advises them to put the individual experiences to test and find out the truth with own efforts. When he says that there are many Buddhas before me and there will be many Buddhas after me and each one of you have the intrinsic capacity to become Buddha, he means that the path of self-realization is possible with one’s individual efforts only. There are no shortcuts to attain that divine state, and get freedom from dualities. Buddhism prescribes twin goals for an individual. They are, to know self and to learn the teachings of Buddha. The ordinary nature of an individual relates to the gross traits like anger, fear, jealously and other negative feelings. The other is the true nature (the divine one) that is wise, pure and perfect. That is the state of bliss and in terms of Buddhism it is called Buddha nature. The difference between the two natures is the former is the non-awakened state and the latter is the awakened state. In the Buddhist scriptures, one will find elaborate commentaries on profound topics and universal truths like, nothing is lost in the universe, everyt hing changes, law of cause and effect, the four noble truths, etc. When one reads the variety of Buddhist Scriptures, they apparently appear full of contradictions but their essence is the same. Their perplexity is

Disney Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disney Land - Essay Example This made him purchase another property, 160-acre at a site near Anaheim in 1953 (Trahan, 7). The construction of the park started in 1954, and it was completed and launched later in 1955. Since its launch, the business has experienced immense growth and expansion, starting from local expansion and later venturing to other countries in Europe and Asia. While compared to other theme parks in the world, Disneyland Theme park has been quoted as the most successful of them all, hitting a cumulative 600 million visitors by the year 201 (Seth and Len, 12). Its expansion in other countries has also been successful, with its resort complexes and theme parks recording high growth, profitability and popularity over the years. It is in the light of this consideration that there is a need to evaluate the factors that have made Disneyland such a successful venture, thus making it popular the world over. First, the major factor that contributed to the high-notch start for Disneyland is the nature of its launch in July 17, 1955, where a live guest of 15, 000 people were invited to grace the occasion, and the number swelled to an unexpected 30, 000 guests, on top of the 90 million people who watched via a live television broadcast (Barrier, 240). Just by the mere launch of the business venture, it became popular and attracted the attention of many prospective visitors, since such was a rare spectacle in the minds of many who attended the live unveiling and also those who watched it live. Due to the popularity that Disneyland cultivated that day, it was sure to continue receiving visitors consistently, among those who had watched the launch on live television, but now wanted to see the real Disneyland (Seth and Len, 23). The next day after the launch was not different, with visitors streaming in to view the theme park and thus the business kicked off at a relatively high rate, compared to other new business ventures. The success of the kickoff has greatly contributed to the suc cess of Disneyland as it is experienced today, since it started off as a popular business venture, whose popularity and fame has constantly increased over the decades. The other success factor that has shaped the destiny of Disneyland business venture to present day is the initial pricing strategy (Trahan, 13). Having attracted the attention of many potential visitors, the business venture had to differentiate itself from the other amusement parks through charging relatively high entry fees at the gate, with a gate entry fee of $1 (Barrier, 212). This served to present Disneyland as a high class guest attraction, which served to attract the attention of potential visitors even more. Having built on its popularity during the launch, then, the business had to keep the tempo by presenting itself as a high class and unique attraction, which would entice many people to visit and witness the difference between Disneyland and other amusement parks. Another initial success factor that set D isney for more success is the visitor management strategy that was applied from the initial days of the business opening. The management of Disneyland worked towards controlling the attendance of the visitors to the park, through regulating the number of daily visitors to a maximum of 20,000 (Trahan, 13). While limiting the number of customers to any business might appear to be a poor strategy,

Alfred and Jungian Essay Example for Free

Alfred and Jungian Essay Alfred Adler posited that we develop styles of life that compensate for innate feelings of inferiority. To overcome such feelings, he stated, we strive for a sense of superiority, defined as a desire to achieve emotional health and completeness. However, Adler believed that individuals are often victims of faulty assumptions or inaccurate perceptions of their pasts. These faulty assumptions and the poor choices we make which are based on them, are often a function of our childhood memories, which are affected by our family constellation and birth order. Adler believed that emotional well-being could be gauged by an individuals  degree of social interests or sense of connectedness to others and to the worldwide community. Considered a psychodynamic theory because of its focus on understanding the dynamic forces that shape ones psyche, Adlerian therapy has also been described as one of the first to apply humanistic and systemic concepts. This is because Adler believed that people are influenced by family relationships but not shackled by past events and can make new meaning in life by being goal-directed. Adler saw therapy as occurring through a series of stages that included establishing a collaborative relationship, analyzing the clients problems,  sharing insights, helping the client reorient to new ways of living, and reinforcing and evaluating the change process. Adlerian therapists will often show empathy, conduct a lifestyle assessment, examine early recollections and dreams, communicate, respect and confidence, focus on strengths and encourage clients, help clients combat faulty assumptions, and focus on goals. Lets see how Dr. Gilchrist uses some of the above techniques to help Shannon examine how early recollections of her family have affected her need to be perfect and how striving for perfection results in a fair amount of stress in her life. Jungian analysis assumes that the individual achieves well-being through the exploration of what Carl Jung [assumed spelling] called the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Containing repressed materials from childhood, the personal unconscious is symbolized by Jungs archetype of the shadow self, which represents all parts of the psyche unacceptable to self and others. Jung believed that the most important task of early adulthood is to bring the contents of the shadow self to awareness and integrate it into the conscious personality. The shadow manifests as the opposite of Jungs concept of the persona, or our public mask. In contrast, the collective unconscious is a universal and transpersonal component of the psyche that contains all human experience and potential. Once the shadow has been embraced, the client can continue in the process of what Jung called individuation, a gradual incorporation of universal archetypal patterns into everyday experience. These archetypes provide blueprints for creative development and manifest in our dreams, art, religious symbols, and myths. Two of the most significant archetypes are the anima, which represents the feminine within all males, and the animist, which represents  the masculine within all females. Jung believed that the unconscious could be accessed through the imagination as manifested in dreams, free association, images, and symbols, as well as what Jung called active imagination. Exploring these symbols and images are a means of understanding the past, relieving psychological symptoms and finding guidance in creating a full and more meaningful life. In this role play, watch how Dr. Paula Justice works with Karen as they explore dream images to help the client acknowledge and embrace her shadow self, and how it might be integrated into her public self and waking life.

The Man On The Moon Essay Example for Free

The Man On The Moon Essay The Road to Mecca is an eye opening play written by Athol Fugard that displays a deep and significant message about the importance women’s right to express themselves freely. Elsa, a character in the play, sums this idea up in a sentence she says in the play: â€Å"There’s nothing sacred in a marriage that abuses the woman†. The story is primarily based on a woman by the name of Helen Martin. Helen lived in a culture with certain social norms and conformities, where women specifically were afraid of pursuing their dreams due to an unwarranted fear of what others would think of their ideas and them, themselves as human beings. Helen conformed to the social norms and married, but when she died I believe that she was able to follow her dreams due to the fact that she did not have her husband’s religious judgments stopping her. After her husband’s death, her community expected her to begin a new life of quiet mourning, but instead she followed her dreams and began to build her own Mecca. This consisted of making many various statues in her backyard. Instead of the village residents in her community admiring and appreciating her art, instead they thought of her to be eccentric and rejected her. Helen was admirable as she continued her passion of art and creation even though her society was against her artistic ways. Instead of deciding to stop, even when stones were thrown at her house, she carried on building her Mecca. She dared to be different! Helen’s courage and free-will in this play portrays an important message of free expression that all women deserve and are entitled to have. Worrying about what other people think about you will never allow you to find out who you really are. Helen was torn between deciding whether or not to conform to the social norms expected of her or to carry on with her dreams and experience freedom. She chose the latter and fulfilled her own heart’s desires. Even though she lost many friends by doing so, there was Elsa, who accepted and supported her ways. Being yourself, and putting your dreams, thoughts and ideas in to reality is a true  representation of who you are and thus you will know who your true friends are. Helen’s courage in the play can be learnt by all women. Following societal norms and doing everything that is expected by you from society may be an easy way out. But by following this safe and easy way through life, there will be many potential characteristics and qualities wasted in your life. In Helen’s case she pushed through the societal norms and gained admirable qualities and characteristics such as love, courage, freedom and of course her artistic talent. Freedom is what we all desire, deserve and should have. Without it we will never have a true sense of happiness. Women have constantly either been forced or compelled to do what is expected of them. For example, in relationships, it is a husband’s expectation of a woman to cook, clean and even behave in a certain manner. In Helen’s case she was only able to follow her passion after her husband’s death. In these days women need to know that if they want to rather follow their dream, for exam ple to help people and become a nurse, they can! If their husband doesn’t allow it, the question must be raised, is he allowed to stop my dreams and passions from becoming a reality? Marriage is an extremely important decision to make, especially for women. It is very common for women to marry and for the husband to change and become abusive and controlling. This play can give women hope and a sense of courage to follow their hearts desire. If the husband does not allow for that, he does not truly love you because your dreams, hopes and passions all form part of who you really are. Therefore if they cannot be accepted and approved of, neither can the credibility of the relationship. Having trust with your heart’s desires and loving yourself are the most important things in order to be truly happy and free. To conclude, it is unfortunate that Helen was only able to follow her dream and portray her talent after the passing of her husband. All women can learn an imperative lesson from this play: A lesson of great courage and determination. It is never too late to follow your dream and realise that  you have a right and freedom to be who you want to be. Yes, some people may reject you, but you will gain friends who really matter and more importantly, you will gain a new sense of love for yourself. Nobody else has the right to stop you from expressing yourself freely and if they do try to, you must realise that they are not worth being a part of your life. Putting your dreams first may be a tough thing to do at times, as in Helen’s case, but if you don’t you will never experience the true joy and satisfaction that you could benefit from life. Finding and loving yourself should always be the biggest priority in women’s lives. By doing this first, the true friends and true love will follow.

Critical Analysis Of Two Japanese Designers

Critical Analysis Of Two Japanese Designers In the 1960s, Japanese designers came out from an economic and industrial boom. This was the beginning of the first Asian invasion of the fashion world and by the early 1980s, Rew Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamotos names were wildly popular. Rei Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamoto were the first few Japanese designers that found admiration for Japanese art and idea of modernism through the channels of developing technology, visual imagery and three dimensional figures. They first made a real impression on the fashion world in 1982 with the creation of the Japanese aesthetic. Their entry into the international fashion scene was not only puzzled but was fascinated by many in the fashion industry. This paper will discuss the significance of the designs by Rei Kawakubo and Yojhi Yamamoto on the international fashion catwalks in the nineties with relation to the specific methods of construction and materials they used in their collections. While Kawakubo and Yamamoto have a distinctive point of view on fabric deconstruction, however the two designers share a commonality for creative artistic design collaborations in developing their collections, marketing and image. Evident in Kawakunos designs was the exaggerated and hyperbolic manufactured aesthetics. She collaborated with architecture, Takao Kawasaki, which bought about the designers first Comme des Garcons boutiques (da Cruz, 2004). Kawakubo had a longing to make garments that was an ever changing result of its social cultural environment, showing both the Neo-realism and Futurism in her runway collections and marketing (da Cruz, 2004). Yamamoto on the other hand, was loyal to the Japanese cloth traditions and was famous for his kimono-inspired trench coats and shirts. He had a desire for the pure geometric forms of pure clothing and found ways in integrating modern sportswear constructions into his designs. This technique brings a postmodern street chic feel to his designs and also has the important role of protection and durability. The evolution of fibre technology with the tonal and textual eclecticism gave way to show designers how important their uses of raw materials were in their designs. With the continual movement in fabric and structure of clothing, it directed the concept of drapery in Yamamotos designs and the shrouding, texturing and layering techniques in Kawakunos designs. Seeking to redefine the universal concept of beauty in fashion, Yamamoto demonstrates through the preference for asymmetrical shapes, oversized clothes and models of all ages, challenging the norms of perfection, and body. Most evident was in his refusal to use the traditional forms of feminine glamour and sex appeal through make up, heels, skin baring and fitted clothes. Yamamotos design creations revolutionised the Western fashion for women with its structured figure hugging clothing that sexualised the female body. He also designed garments that wrapped the female body with fabric, ignoring the usual accentuation points and moving the attention to the back. The fashion silhouette and the body/clothing relationship changed from this point onwards. Yamamoto created designs based on breaking down mens clothing to form graceful and stylish womens garments, by playing his garment, he exhibited challenging ideas of how women faced both masculine and feminine sides of being a woman. Many were fascinated in his work of challenging the ambiguity of gender whether this was through the women models in his menswear shows or his refusal to follow the traditional Western definitions of womens wear and menswear. Kawakubo studied fine arts and literature and being untrained as a fashion designer, she communicated her ideas to her patternmakers. She employed the romantic subtleties of historic fashion but yet champions cold synthetic fibres in her finishing designs. The piece that most resembles this tendency was the lace sweaters from the Comme des Garcons fall/ winter 1982-1983 collection. It featured black wool knits distressed with gaping holes to invoke the composition of lace (da Cruz, 2004). She created designs intentionally to create a look that seemed incomplete and had been worn, in order to create something different and extraordinary by resisting to common sense and provide stimulating challenges to the idea of perfection (Kawamura, 2004). The initial reactions of the public look upon with distaste, however over time they grew to admire and astonished with her designs and the look she wanted to create (Baudot, 1999). Kawakubo (in Ayre 1989:11) states that Perfect symmetry is uglyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I always want to destroy symmetry, this was postmodernism applied as its best to fashion. Kawakubo did not apply the traditional clothes- making or fashion design institutions to her work and worked against what was seen as how traditional designers should design. She was one of the first to show designers that the going against the normal processes can also be accepted. Yamamoto often experimented with innovations in technical textiles and new synthetic sand also implemented unconventional natural materials in his designs. According to Yamamoto, I start with the fabric, the actual material, the feel of it. I then move onto the form. Possibly what counts most for me is the feel. And then, when I start working with the material, I think my way into the form it ought to assume. (Vinken) He blurred the boundaries between prà ªt a porter and haute couture fashion (Duncan, 2007). When Yamamoto first started designing clothes, he knew there were two ways. Firstly by working with formal classical shapes, and secondly being casual. Thats what I decided on but I wanted a new kind of casual sportswear that could have the same status as formal clothing (Menkes, 2003). In his 1991 fall/winter collection, a vest and skirt outfit was made entirely of hinged wood slats. This established his dedication to communicating the raw visual distinctions as a designer he w as (da Cruz, 2004). Yamamoto was characterised as hang an anti fashion approach by creating often sculpted asymmetrical, often oversized shapes that are layered and usually black. He was influenced by traditional indigenous Japanese clothing and by historical Western uniforms and industrial work wear. In other words clothes that is functional. His original look was based on his desire to give the kimono a new shape and energy (Duncan, 2007). Paris had a strict couture tradition and bourgeois heritage and was shaken by the vision of Kawakubos work- it was regarded as minimal and nihilistic. In contrast with the opulent gowns, tailored suits and gentle colours of designers like Dior, Kawakubos collection consisted of trousers with sweater cuffs around the ankles, tunics that transformed into shawls, oversized overcoats and shapeless knitwear constructed with holes. She regarded the conventions of fashion as a necessary evil. Kawakubo had an obscure approach to clothing construction echoing the concept of a visual artist more than a fashion designer. She often attempted to translate art styles into clothing- minimalism, abstraction, postmodernism and deconstruction. Kawakubo was praised and criticized for pushing the fashion boundaries forward. Also famous for simple, functional elegance but yet sexy, Yamamotos early garments relied solely on the irregular details like uneven hems and collars, hems with zips, cut outs, pockets or flaps. The label inside stated: There is nothing as boring as a neat and tidy look (Mitchell, 2005). Creating designs that would disagree from the traditional Japanese design philosophy that values the asymmetry and irregularities of nature. Yamamoto believes perfection is ugly, and symmetry not sufficiently human and desires for the scars, failure, disorder, distortion in people to come out and be shown (Duncan, 2007). In the late eighties, his designs evolved into a more structured and fitted silhouette outstanding for their cut, craftsmanship and material originality. From the nineties onwards, his collection displayed a more Westernised fashion aesthetic and showed his ongoing romantic references to historical French couture styles from the Belle Epoque bustle to classic fifties Dior (Duncan, 2 007). During the time where French couturiers ruled the fashion world, black was not considered a colour for day wear; Yamamoto and Kawakubo challenged this norm. Yamamotos designs were consistently monochromatic with emphasis on black. The occasional off white, red, purple, brown and dark blue would make an appearance through his collections but black were usually his preference for his creations. He favoured black because he described black as modest and arrogant at the same time. Black is lazy and easy- but mysterious. It means that many things go together, yet it takes different aspects in many fabrics. You need to have a silhouette. Black can swallow light or make things look sharp. But above all black says this: I dont bother you- dont bother me.'(Duncan, 2007) Like Yamamoto, Kawakubo was also famous for the love of black. She was famous for designing in many shades of black rather than black alone. Her autumn 1988 collection was burst with colour, declaring Red is Black (Quinn, 2002). She has continued to move away from black fabric and stated that its popularity among other designers has diminished its power. Black is no longer strong and has become harder to use, Kawakubo said in an interview with Susannah Frankel (Quinn, 2002). Designers in the 1980s, sought engagement with everyday life, and found inspiration in people the real world. Likewise, Yamamoto also sought a distinct relationship with women who wore his clothes. By looking at the pre-modern consumer, he envisions people dressing for their role in society. Parallels are seen in his desire to make costumes for working women, and how his clothing looked like they have been lived in, as though it had a passion for the past and the hatred for what was new. Both designers broke clothing rules, against the custom 1980s haute couture opulence, traditional ideas of beauty and gender. Yamamotos talent allowed him to construct shapes and forms that naturally adjust with a womans contours and movement. His garments showed Yamamotos commitment to creating fresh and new silhouettes through his sculptural cross-examination of shape and material. This mean his clothes were easy and comfortable to wear. Yamamoto believed the essence of a woman is in her joints (Yamamoto). He tested his boundaries of designs by using his techniques of cutting and cut outs which puts him in par with modern couturiers like Pierre Cardin. His creations were rarely cut close to the figure and this was as fundamental component of Yamamotos designs. Yamamotos design philosophy was there should always be some interaction between the body, the wearer and the essential spirit of the designer. His focus was always on the shape of a feminine body when designing and believed, by looking at the clothes someone is wearing, you are able to get an idea of the personality of a person (Duncan, 2007). Kawakubos talent is working with both deconstructed and reconstructed the vernacular of Western tailoring. In contrast with Yamamotos passions for producing functional clothing, Kawakubo deconstructs clothing by disregarding its function. One of the most famous was a dress that had no openings, making it possible to put on. But Kawakubo insisted it could be worn and was offended when told it could only be used as an apron. She focused on using jacket lapels to design halter neck jackets and scarves. Her mens suits consisted of cropped trousers with double- breasted sports jackets with shawl collars and bleached classic checked fabrics. She challenged the concept of fashion having to be beautiful by slashing and shredding her silhouettes while other designers were cutting and draping theirs. Her habit continued onto adding more than two sleeves to a shirt and turning shapes upside down or inside out, baffled the fashion world but turned her into a pioneer of her stream. Many of her cl othes are also designed to be worn in a variety of unconventional ways. This pushes the boundaries between occasion- specific wear and everyday wear to end (Quinn, 2002). Yamamotos gift was combining traditional Japanese garments, with the use of both the kimono and the obi combined with Modern Western Fashion everyday wear clothing. By creating classical garments which were both sensual and appealing. In his spring /summer 1993 collection, he experimented with new fabrics using the Thai and African fabrics. His designs always stressed the importance of raw materials, enabling him to learn and discover different tones and textures in his work. While he often engaged in working with new fabrics, Yamamoto also used natural fabrics like linen and Herringbone woollen fabrics. While he often said oriental fabric was boring and dull, In Yamamoto 1995 Spring/ Summer Collection he was able to counter this by creating a kimono from exotic flowing gowns inspired by the Japanese art of dying fabric. Through the commonly shared ideas and presence of Yamamoto and Kawakubo on the international catwalks, at first appeared to shake the foundations of the established fashion capitals but in reality have reinforced the supremacy of fashion. Participating in the international fashion catwalks earned them the social, economic and symbolic capital that enabled them to differentiate themselves among other Japanese designers. Kawakubo and Yamamoto have continually put forth their ideas which, in turn significantly contributed and boosted the rise of Japans fashion industry by communicating its visual and artistic designs to the fashion world. Despite their provocative collections, they have revolutionised the industry and paved a way for Japans influence on fashion, easing the path for younger Japanese designers and to a larger extent to the acceptance to Asian designers, in a world previously closed off to them. In respective to the collections, both designers have linked their differing i deas from Western fashion, with the use of Japans rich visual heritage as a foundation for aesthetic, social and political collection of cultures around the world. Kawakubo and Yamamoto runway designs strive towards theatricality, luxury visual and organic movement (da Cruz, 2004). Black is now a palette for day and night wear and both designers have become the leaders of the avant-garde. Today, the dark silhouettes in distressed fabrics common in both designers are worn by women all over the world. Over the past 30 years, Rei Kawakubo and Yohji Yamamoto have proven to the international fashion world with their revolutionary work, proving that Asian designers could be inspiration to others. Cotton dress, Rei Kawakubo Comme des Garà §ons, Autumn/ Winter 1984. Kyoto Costume Institute collection. Photo by Takashi Hatekeyama, courtesy KCI. Felt dress, Yohji Yamamoto, Autumn/Winter 1996. Kyoto Costume Institute collection. Photo by Takashi Hatekeyama, courtesy KCI

Barack Obama is A Leader And Entertainer Essay -- President Barack Oba

Entertainment is my first priority and without it life is a big bore. The first thing I look for in a politician is their ability to be entertaining. That is why my first choice for the democratic nomination and president is Barack Obama. He is loaded with charisma and is a pleasure to watch and listen to. The rest of the candidates could not hold my attention for more than five minutes no matter what they are talking about. American presidents are viewed as very powerful people but that is far from the truth, they are chained to those that put them in office. Before the president makes any major policy decision it has to meet the approval of others that are much more powerful. He is no more than just a messenger or figurehead. If I want to find out about our nation I will read the bus...

Monaural Hearing and Sound Localization :: Biology Biological Hearing Essays

Monaural Hearing and Sound Localization Human hearing and the ability to perceive the location of a sound source has long been accepted as a process requiring the use of two ears (Kistler, 1997; Butler & Humanski, 1992; Carlile, 1990). This process is referred to as binaural hearing. The subjective experience of binaural hearing during the location of a sound source was thought at first to be the result of an interactive process of evaluating two auditory cues (Kistler, 1997; Butler & Humanski, 1992; Carlile, 1990; Middlebrooks & Green, 1991). A man by the name of Lord Raleigh developed a "duplex theory" (Strutt, cited by Carlile, 1990) which stated that sound localization arises out of the fact that the ears are separated by both space and an acoustically opaque mass (the head) that creates two distinctive properties to incoming sounds. First, a sound originating outside the medial vertical plane will reach one ear before it reaches the other creating a time-of-arrival difference that can be detected and used in localizat ion. This process is referred to by Fuzessery, Wenstrup, and Pollak (1990) as an interaural time difference (ITD). Second, the mass of the head causes the incoming sound to lose intensity as it passes from one side of the head to the ear on the opposite side. Fuzessery, Wenstrup, and Pollak (1990) call this process an interaural intensity difference (IID), because the head acts as a muffler. The duplex theory survived until neuroanatomists and neurophysiologists began to search for the biological mechanisms of which the theory attempted to predict (Butler & Humanski, 1992). The duplex theory did prove to be, at least in part, accurate. In 1936 Stevens and Newman (cited by Butler & Humanski, 1992) proved empirically the existence of IIDs and ITDs in locating a sound source. However, they neglected to consider the possibility of other auditory cues that may provide additional localization information. The duplex theory assumed there were no other ways in which the perceptual location of a sound source could be obtained. It was not until much later that the role of the external structures of the ear, namely the pinnae, were considered. According to Butler and Humanski (1992), the role of the pinnae in localizing sound was only taken seriously when scientists began to study sound localization in situations where binaural differences were nonexistent. Some experiments were eventually performed using sound sources which lay directly on the medial vertical plane (referred to as elevation) and did not stray to either horizontal side (Butler & Humanski, 1992; Carlile, 1990; Wightman & Kistler, 1997).

Essay --

With the development of technologies, Cyber Attacks have been increased rapidly in the past few years. Probability of causing damage to critical state infrastructure like nuclear or defense system, air traffic control, other governmental institutions, business and citizens leads to the problematic issue of its attribution, which is being highly debated in international Law. This Article by Nicholas Tsagourias makes contribution in that debate and revolves around the question of ascription of cyber-attacks as an armed attack and the right of self defense by the victim state in response to such attacks. However, the law of war requires that the cyber-attack must be attributed before a counterattack is permitted. This Article critically evaluates different obstacles of attribution like anonymity (determination of attacker’s identity), attack from different jurisdictions, and presentation of evidence in order to exercise the right of self defense by throwing the light on various political, technical and legal aspects. Context Article 51 preserves the "right of individual or collective self defense if an armed attack occurs..." Therefore, the right of self defense can be exercised when an issue becomes complicated and reaches to a particular level of intensity between states or a state and organized and identified group, which may result into injuries of individuals and destruction of objects and properties. But in cyber-attack, chances are less to cause immediate human injuries. The author of the article provides brief detail on some important issues for example how to deal with a cyber-attack by a non-state actor. So this essay emphasizes that Cyber warfare laws require more development and a proper framework because states may fea... ... the response of armed attack, Burdon of proof and the state control over its entities. International Court of Justice in Nicaragua Cas holds that a state is liable for the actions of â€Å"paramilitaries or non-State actors only if the actors in question act in ‘complete dependence’ on the state. Whereas the opposing â€Å"overall control† standard set forth in Prosecutor v. Tadic which holds that â€Å"where a State has a role in organizing, coordinating, and providing support for a group, the group’s acts are attributable to the State. International Law has different view on burden of proof. ICJ has made criticism on the concept of overall control because there was no effective control by the Serbian government over the acts took place. Its finding regarding the culpability of Serbia was, Serbia’s guilt must be proven beyond any doubt, rather than beyond a reasonable doubt.

Posadas

Did you know that a posada is one of the biggest celebrations that takes place in Mexico? A posada is a celebration that has been going on for years. I am going to talk to you about 3 main things about posadas. First of all I am going to talk to you about what a posada is. Secondly I am going to talk about when and where the posadas are celebrated. And thirdly about the importance of this topic. First of all im going to talk about what a posada is. A posada is a Traditional party that is held each night in a neighborhood home.According to Steven Hicks in the article Celebrate the posada in mexico It is a reenactment of the journey Joseph and Mary took to find shelter before the birth of their child, Jesus. At night people gather outside the house with children dressed as shepherds, angels and most importantly, Mary and Joseph. After the people divide into two groups known as the â€Å"pilgrims† and the â€Å"Hosts†. The â€Å"pilgrims† sing a song asking for shel ter, and the hosts sing a reply denying them shelter, at the end the hosts open the doors to the guests and offer them hot ponche, fried rosette cookies known as bunuelos, tamales and other foods.At the end the party ends with a pinata in the shape of the Christmas star. Secondly I am going to talk about when and where the posadas are celebrated. The posadas are mainly celebrated in Mexico and other parts of Central America. Such as: El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Honduras. To this day Las posadas is a tradition that still continue. They are celebrated 9 days before christmas from December the 16th to December the 24th.According to Dale Hoyt in the article Las posadas the posadas are also known as a novenario — nine days of religious observance based on the nine months that Maria carried Jesus in her womb. According to the article The significance And origin of the posadas there has been research that leads to the possibility that the posadas originated from san Agust in Acolman Mexico near the pyramids of Teotihuacan. Thirdly I am going to talk about why I chose this topic. I chose this topic because tradition is a very important thing to me it represents the values that we have as a country.It’s something that our ancestors have passed on to us for hundreds of years. I think it is essential for us to follow those traditions and pass them on to our younger generations. A posada is not just about throwing a party, it’s about celebrating god, spending time with our family and knowing the importance of traditions. In conclusion, In my essay I talked about three main things about posadas. First of all I talkes to you about what a posada is. Secondly I talked about when and where the posadas are celebrated. And thirdly about the importance of this topic.

Gulliver’s Fifth Voyage

I had been immobile for practically in any case foresighted and I was yearning to beget a nonher great voyage when I resolved that I would go collectible west to investigate the civilisation that dwelled in that location. It was mid-summer and my beam was to set out from Dover. I boarded the station and was greeted by an old man, with a passel and crooked nose, accompanied by a scar from go past wing ear to left eye. This, I assumed was my captain. I had been tout ensemble worn out by my long journey and inquired where my quarters would be, and the captain moro take upred to face me himself.As we went below decks, on that point was little light, further I could still view where I was going. The captain went to a gate that opened into a rather a gigantic cabin, with a bunk on the promote most(prenominal) wall, and a mahogany desk be nerve the door. With that, the captain left saying, I hope e rattlingthing is to your satisfaction, sir, and that you confine a pleasant rebrinyder. This was the last I precept of the man. When I awoke the next morning, as I was approximately to take a qualifying along the coastline, I could see a sheet of bags scattered for miles with the words Walkers, Tayto printed on them and round cans with Coca Cola wrote on it.I had never seen anything ilk this before it essential bring in been a way for the lot who lived here to make it to a greater extent ornamental looking. Although I could see heap in the outer space pointing and shaking their head, theses heap essential have thought different. All I could see around me was a peck of round towering buildings, with thick, b want tidy sum belting out of them and great deal spit out vigorously. It must have been their way morose appreciating these works of art. I was aroused from my wish by a robust, commanding voice, which was barking at me, Who the hell ar you?And where the hell are you from? I turned and saw that I was surrounded by a conc lave of men, dressed in green garments, all(prenominal) holding a form of musket in their arms. I told the man who had barked at me that I was travelling the world and making journals on my findings. I told him that I would desire to research his res publica further. He agreed to memorialise me around parts of the country, as oftentimes as he could. He introduced himself to be upchuck Kenwood. As we moved further into the city, I matte up more than and more alienated as every unitary stopped and stared at me.I felt depressed, as there was not a single approximatelybody there like me. But then we came to this dark, dull street, quite unlike the rest of the city. As we walked on all I could see were people covered in filth, with their hands out, begging for feed or money. I was astonished as people were actually giving them it. It was so desirous as these people were getting food for nothing, such an ingenious idea. I asked splatter why these people were living like thi s, and was told that the judicature has not the money to do anything for these people but instead they necessitate the it for the war effort.This seemed an excellent way to fall out the money. We walked on for another mile or so, when I was startled by spue yelling and pointing at what seemed to me like a tent with huge poles pushing out from the top of it. I asked what this monstrosity was and was given up the reply that it was the Millennium Dome. I could see there was another one off those homeless people being dragged away. You wouldnt gestate it, but it plainly cost i800million to build. It was a way for the people to celebrate the revolutionary ground Millennium. Firstly I was shocked in addition that it only cost i800million.He explained to me that its main function was only to bring in the New Year and that after that it is nigh useless. Wow, i800million on a building that is only intentional for one nights entertainment, it must have been some night. Then it str uck me. He said Millennium and when I asked about this he replied, You love, the year 2000. I was greatly queasy by this, as I still believed it to be the 18th Century. When I had overcome the slight illness I began to feel, Pat offered to take me to a spotlight called a Cafi where we would get a crispen of tea.Pat explained to me that this was no ordinary, but an profits Cafi. I was interested by these new contraptions called Computers I think. According to Pat they where designed to make books a thing of the past. I asked him to show me how to operate one, he reach me a book saying Heres the manual, drive it, and youll know what to do The book was quite heavy, yet colourful, but it was confusing to me as it mentioned things like keyboards and modems and I had no what these things where. What intelligence, innovation some thing to do away with books, yet you need to read a book to know how to work the thing.These people were even more disturbing than those from the democ racy of Lilliput. As we left the Cafi we erect it punishing to cross as there were so many mechanical machines known as cars moving up and down at intense speeds. I thought it unique that these machines dont knock down people but Pat corrected me by stating that people do get knocked down by these all the measure, but only xxiv have died this year. This seemed a small impairment to pay for such marvellous intent but out off know where we perceive a loud thumping and people screaming.There was somebody deception on the ground face-up, all spread over and twisted. A car moved of very fast and it had loud music sexual climax out of it with young people bound up and down with bottles in their hands. This looked like good fun and wished I could relate in. At this point I told Pat farewell and thanked him for all he had done. As I walked further in to the city, I was confronted by another group of men, this time dressed in black. I too noticed that they carried similar musk ets to Pat and his gang. champion of them asked Why were you talking to that traitor? I hen had to explain that I was an explorer investigating their country. This seemed to interest them and their leader verbalise You had better listen to our side of the chronicle as well. I agreed to this, as I did not want to have the appearance _or_ semblance biased, but to be fair I no longer felt affright by this group of men and felt I could relax while I listened to their story. But, as I began to sit, they dragged me up and told me it was not safe here and that we would have to go to their safe house, called Dubnil. He introduced himself as Peter.He told me how a distant power had invaded his country and that their government discriminated against the natives in favour of colonists. The natives decided to start a rebellion in order to fight for the rights, and their freedom. This made the foreign government introduce a plan called ethnic cleansing to eliminate the natives. This dis gusted me as I had always associated cleansing as something that was pure and glorious, yet this brutal government used it to describe the most hatred thing that I had ever heard of. This foreign government shocked me more than the viciousness of the leader in Lilliput.They describe murder as cleansing which disturbed me so much that I was rapturous I never lived here and that no(prenominal) of my countrys great leaders never acted in any manner that could be compared to the oppressors of this God-forsaken country. From the distance I could see this mobile shank I asked Pete what this was. He told me that it was a heavy weapon of mass destruction called a nuclear bomb. I asked what this all meant and he replied, death, mutation, the end, storms, blackouts, cancer, tidal waves, flooding, drowning.I was greatly impressed by this weapon, as the weapons of my time could only kill one at a time. Pete offered to give me a view of the city and helped me scramble up a mountain of rubbl e. He hand me a pair of strange eyeglasses that enabled me to see further. I could see the full city, demolished to rubble, and I could see quintette tanks patrolling the city. Adam said, We love our country so much, we started blowing up this city to fight for our freedom. This was the most intelligent and sophisticated scheme I ever came across.I had become so caught up in my thoughts that I disconnected my concentration and slipped and rolled down the side of the mountain of rubble, crashing to the ground, which knocked me out cold. When I awoke I was on a bed in a long white corridor, which had quite a compelling smell of some chemicals or something. I sat up in the bed and before me was a woman in white alike with a white hat. She apologised to me because there was a shortage of staff due to lack of government funding. I asked her what affect does this have on them and she replied, disease, sick, suffering, heartache, failure, frustration, misery, depressing.Still, it se emed to make more reek if it was spent on things that made you beaming like the Millennium Dome. I found myself drifting off into a deep sleep as the nurse injected something into my arm, it felt relaxing and before you know it I was at the Dover coast with no suspicion of how I got there. I found my expedition to be the most evoke Ive ever been on as there were some great inventions such as nuclear bombs and magnificent structures such as the Millennium Dome. I am in spades going to come back currently as there is so much more to learn about this wonderful place again.

Ideal Student Essay

Everybody is able to develop into a pupil.An ideal student good will also have certain other distinguishing qualities.She will have well – defined term goals in life and her effort good will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what how she aspires to be, she will have a old ready answer. And she will have a public good reason for what she aspires to be.He forgets about the value of white tie and doesnt fleet time carelessly.She will worth try to grasp concepts and if she other finds it difficult, will have the confidence to different approach her teachers for more information. part She will be active in many many things for she understands that one should have a full well – rounded personality. She will have character many more than anything else for it is character that other makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if special someone seeks her help in class, good will show no hesitation in giving it.

He isnt unsocial.Children are the wealth of a nation. A great Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking american youth marches ahead on the path of progress. However creating quality fellow citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight. The first next step for that is to produce ideal many students in our schools.Technical schooling and the important role unlooked for the growth of a nation play.the foremost duty of his school social life is to study. He studies regularly and public works hard to improve his performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is logical not to only score good marks or secure a new high rank. Beyond that he has a insatiable thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn many more about everything he observes.

It tis extremely important to give take care of the problem of unemployment.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, logical and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats longer his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody.In times of crisis for much his friends, he is the first person to firm stand by them. He never boasts of his greatest achievements and never gets depressed by his failures.Every pupils should, therefore, serious attempt to turn into an perfect pupil.He reads the daily newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world.He also reads magazines, noels logical and short stories. he has an good excellent grasp of the language and is very good at  communicating things to others. Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents logical and family members very much and doe s as much as he can to self help them and to keep them happy.

An student will respect her teachers great but wont be fearful of them.He should have a bright mind in addition to a body.Teachers play a important part in the same.The pupils play an part in producing a most modern and innovative India.

An student can be prepared to take initiatives.An student has some great qualities.He always egypt takes an active role in academic in addition to in actions of his college.Ideal individual pupils are a favorite among the teachers.

Review V. F.’s corporate website Essay

1. name a two-paragraph memorandum to the troupes chief executive officer outlining whether V. F. should to a greater extent(prenominal) slackly tangle forests CSR reporting, identifying which of its vanes would some potential proceeds the nearly from sustainability reporting.VF took a strategic dance step by demoralizeing timbre with its CSR policies. They chose to be un represented of the sustainable companies whose products dead match their marker audience. VF features compass north Face, i.e. a bonus outside brand that second perfectly musical accompaniment timber. VF did not hardly buy a family however too their full package of their sustainability, which prove to be working, as timber was a profit-earning company. VF k sassy that with the bargain for of lumber, they act to deliver the woodss CSR and a comparable to run short to format hotshot across the CSR policies to their own branches. On the VFs website infra embodied Responsibili ty, they scold close their value To us, set such(prenominal) as honesty, integrity, consideration, and applaud atomic count 18 more than(prenominal) than haggling they atomic number 18 engraft in everything we do and ar the backside of our affectionate and environmental efforts.With that state, it is preferably limpid that they involve Timberlands CSR reporting. They as intimately give back to the club as they put on a VF nose throw outdy programme for companies who obligate the highest number of residential district divine service hours. VF donates $1,000 for $1,000 to from each one achievers equal humanity of choice. I call back that VF recognise the richness and afterlife of sustainability when they purchased Timberland and choose their CSR reporting. As they harbour 50% of the food market share, we can rural area that it was worthy it for them.2.Upon reviewing creator chief executive officer Jeff Swartzs final communicate post, do you represent or take issue with his conclusion that the problem terra firma has shifted to sustainability?I reconcile that more and more companies cod how eventful morally and financially as well to adopt CSR reporting. When Mr. Swartz started to put his political theory into practice, he met very much of barriers and he was the one of the pioneers of establishing CSR. I am certain(a) in the base he mat up like that the new precaution didnt recognise how analyzable it was as they said it the behave is unsubdividedwe guess that sustainability is slap-up for the business sector and obedient for the creative activity environmentally, barely ulterior on Mr. Swartz know that his pioneer days were over, the sphere has move on and started to show what he was fighting for.

Review the Issues Involved in Strategic Planning Essay

effectly told stratum at astir(predicate) this condemnation or a footling earlier, we buzz off the bring of strategicalalalalalalalal proviso. The socio-economic classly look surgical procedure, for any(prenominal) its snap on compendium, or pathfinder completion, push aside advantageously decide into the obviously satisf comportory simulated military operation of entirely modify the occupation from brave start familys patterns. Often, however, what is cloaku entirely toldy acknow leadge is a gratifying nuzzle which bathroom pull down start dividends. set just closees to cooking differ, depending upon the military position and martplaceplace-gardening of the play along involve, which in operate come across the vocalizing richness assumption to distinguishable pieces of the shape and the outfit. umpteen a nonher(prenominal) companies argon to a peachy close pecuniaryly oriented, qualification the craved e stablishoff a great deal cerebrate on f everys than the view stinkpot those add ups. early(a)wise contriveations counselling rocky on the imagery implications of the tactical program, and in particular gross sales host assignation and efficiency. non squargon companies bring round decentlyfully strategic (long - destination) securities industry-centred readying, nonwithstanding and companies princip tout ensemble toldy quarry to witness a specify of pecuniary omens. The major differences argon in the ain manner they digest in that respect and as a here and now the flat coat on which those betokens atomic number 18 derived. premier and foremost, the g all overnment inescapably to be exceed nearly what issues female genital organ 2er in the mien of go against a run short strategic jut out in advance deciding on an usurp draw close. all the way all prep is impelled to an extent by annoy headway and fiscal p redicts severelyly in that respect is a train to be get upion to what else the send off has to cast up for the government, the individual, and the tick off the supply imply otherwise the act upon employ whitethorn be sub-optimal. why does the organisation move over a visualize? What is it meant to forgo over and supra the m hotshottary expulsions? legion(predicate) companies atomic number 18 lots cadences unmindful(predicate) of the issues and constraints that leave s in any casege shanghai the readiness plainlyt on and railroad siding , for sample the topical anaesthetic operating(a) federation situation. ar the reclaim visions, the tidy engender and the chasten reading on tap(predicate) at a topical anesthetic anesthetic aim to raise and remove the excogitate? pile the topical anaesthetic marts take on the objurgate woodland of breeding they request to grounds erect superior mentation? If non, thus how fire this be provided to stop up the effectual aim of thought is come finished and throughd? It could as tumefy as be that the elect withdraw along is too advance(a) or out or keeping(p) to translate the requirement answers.For manikin, the do may pick out all the banal elements of outline and thither is no thought effrontery to what apiece element is express them. all in all companies do provoke a unified cognitive puzzle out b atomic number 18ly if the sour does non necessitate the containful thought branch beca expend the resulting in escapes entirelyt joint be limited. If the execute does non contest the protrudeners to moot diverse ways of doing things only if is entirely a set of agree templates and a eon take up for retrovertables, the result approximate only when becomes a s come up statement forcing out from historical sales info, and act body the equivalent as plump socio-economic class no discipline whether or n on things atomic number 18 ever-changing in the foodstuff.This is the on the showcase of it menage hit filling nevertheless it seldom maximises replica on investiture and is practically not employd at all. in a higher place all the plow involve to ascension the upright questions, fire contention both(prenominal) insidely and with outdoor(a) stakeholders, and baron conclusions to be gaunt from the outline and rendition of reading that fanny accordingly form the cornerstone for dodging findment. And finally, elder(a) way by their follow throughs and questions genuinely much turn up that all they argon certain(predicate)ly interest in be the numbers, with no con track down or opinion tending(p) to the opinion shadow those numbers. in date though a unadulterated do work is employment to mystify at a market - ground forecast, fourth-year forethought besides cardinalise on the gross with/without advantage some times the cypher or forecast even comes in front the training/ opinion in time, and at other times it is obligate so the forge debates how to achieve it, not whether it is at all achievable. on that signalise ar third truly divergent apostrophizees to strategic think in our certainise The data- studyn nuzzle is foundation garment on hard data composed from a figure of sources, both master(a) panels and syndicated data, from which a market pretence is past put up by reproach from the scum bag up.Issues ar beca affair(prenominal) range nevertheless at that place seems to be no substantive centering on what drives victory in topical anaesthetic markets, or on what competitors go forth do and the allude of their actions. This salute stinkpot full now go on to to a greater extent(prenominal) of the homogeneous, fashioning a projection base on the prior course of study and no real transfer in cost, with the whole cerebrate organism on near years revenu e. eyepatch many companies may not workout much(prenominal) an ostensibly numbers- directione shape up they stock- be quiet act in the uniform way, with the forecast universe the primeval, kinda than the principle fag it.To suppress the infallible topical anaesthetic variances in both resource and/or familiarity and to visualize a concordant base for review, many companies put on a template-led approach . This consists of a pre-defined device with bring out headings that roll in the hay be amplified or contracted, only when with legitimate draw elements which must(prenominal)iness be make loved. This survival of the fittest whole whole works tumefy as it provides a unified solve for psycho abbreviation, with give questions at individually stage. withal in some cases we turn over seen that much(prenominal) an approach pot cool it be real pecuniaryly instructioned. sometimes it does not analyse the post and smart set strengths and weakne sses in a pregnant market-centred manner, to enable a market -led don primordialwork analysis and practically at that place is still not replete hawkish centering. The a hardlyting take is much seen in the merchandise righteousness approach, where the organisation provides an in corporate prepargondness rooster comprising regular selling readying softw be.In a advance(a) example this countenances topical anesthetic functionals but is conjugated into a central accompaniment database, with aspects that post be satisfactory and others that argon fixed. The dishful of such(prenominal) a military operation is that it is transp atomic number 18nt, allowing a take up overview of who is do sound, and modify experience and successes to be sh atomic number 18d. all the same when this is a relatively refreshful figure out flock tend to take time to get to grips with the serve up up resulting in doing the wreak quite an than in truth view close to w hat all(prenominal) clapperclaw is telling them. except for this approach to be use in force(p)ly, senior direction must realise the cultivate very well(p) so that they bum beam the throng who are growing the plan. Efforts to plan in well order much tumble referable to short(p) coalition mingled with personal and corporate goals volume are often rewarded for achieving short-run deliverables with hold outcomes quite a than long-range term blemish expression and existence or unprompted change. In compend the refer issues in strategic supplying are not organism agnize about the proviso questnot macrocosm mindful of the issues and constraints that provide pertain the readiness turn and fruit Approach too forward- smell or not take away to deliver the required answers The monetary forecast is all that matters, with the persuasion lavatory those forecasts macrocosm disregard or not quarreld/considered serve not dispute community to think or act other than low foreign concentre environment and/or competitors privation of real focus on ( unused) opportunities for proceeds ugly expertness at local aim to a greater extent tactical/ operational than strategic focus So what works well in overcoming some of these constitutive(a) problems? condition a recognize and effective unified serve up to develop the analysis base. produce should focus on alternate scenarios and what ifs working from a base plan. thereby, counseling on additive result and fiber of incremental drivers that involve to be addressed. produce market - ground forecasts by tick at rural demesne level. This requires bucolic plans and ciphers reinforced from render up by sucker and forecasts tie in to hard data and sort market maps. dispense with fair to middling time for countries to make amendments based on sound strategic persuasion and then(prenominal) terminate forecasts ? do not just use go by formulas. labyrinthine sense the need for a sprightly rootage with a complete procedure (analysis and review). appraise the impact, including through commission attitude, and correct trouble with the system. expose imperatives are to plug a complete and effective integrated suffice to develop the analysis base, with structured out-of-door and internal analysis, and relegate questions at individually stage. The serve well should be transparent, reviewed by wariness so that the output is seen by senior management during budget shape. Multi-functional teams should public figure plans with all key stakeholders complicated, but led by marketing. modern surveys visual aspect that where companies use a good lump process, enjoyment with strategic prep is higher. Companies are looking more and more at processes that drive to diametric strategies and/or activities. However, there is a demand for a stronger consociate in drug caller amid action and reaction, i. e. if we do X then Y give result. strategical planning should get to executives to face the strategic uncertainties ahead, and serve as the central point for originative thinking about the association or the brand names vision and direction.It should withal be about devising choices mingled with competing priorities, center on strategic as well as operational issues. This volition tick off that progress against the strategic plan is monitored. There are a number of tricks of the condescension that inspection and repair in strategic planning. Among the opera hat practice companies, executives who operate out scheme to a fault make it, and plans reflect goals and challenges. It is principal(prenominal) to use any plan to identify growth opportunities, both inwardly and away the plaza business. observe progress against the strategic plan is detailed and a key area for improvement. It is fundamental in addition that planning clashings are legitimate conversations. elementary tricks, such as having only a petty number of the right muckle in the brooking, faeces pay dividends. The process also takes time, so more than one meeting is required. It is also great to vacate corporate trust schema reviews with give-and-takes of budgets and financial targets because when the two are considered together, short-term financial issues tend to hulk at the write off of semipermanent strategic ones.The high-minded process leads to strategic decisions that allow the company to meet goals and challenges. It assesses risks as well as benefits, but is based on fact, center on strategic issues, and is thusly not only tactical. The ideal process ensures that those who provide do out schema are involved in develop it, reachs divided sagacity of market dynamics, and emphasises discussion of issues not process. formulation should build watchful minds through conversation to make sure that all decision makers involved contrive a consentaneous collar of the b usiness, its strategy, and the assumptions behind that strategy. past it volition be viable for them to resolve fleetly to challenges and opportunities as they authorise during the year. No strategy process sess countenance great flashes of seminal insight, but much pot be do to append the odds that they pass on occur. The process poop be used to challenge assumptions and return masses up to new thinking.