Beowulf Christian or Peagan Influences Essay Example

Contemporary issues in marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary issues in advertising - Essay Example The meaning of RM as expressed by Gronroos (1994, p.22) is: Relationship Marketing is to set up, keep up, and upgrade associations with clients and different accomplices, at a benefit, so the goals of the gatherings included are met. This is accomplished by a shared trade and satisfaction of guarantees. Besides Harker (1999) had the option to utilize the consequences of his exploration to manufacture another meaning of RM. As indicated by Harker (1999, p.16) RM is the point at which an association is occupied with proactively making, creating and keeping up submitted, intuitive and beneficial trades with chosen clients extra time. Gronroos (1994) further added to the RM banter when he perceived that promoting blend the executives was starting to lose its situation as the predominant showcasing worldview. He noticed that relationship building and the executives, or relationship showcasing, was one driving new way to deal with advertising which was getting progressively well known among promoting writing (Gronroos, 1994). ... The Benefits of Relationship Marketing Reichheld and Kenny (1991) led their examination and took a gander at the advantages got by firms from holding long haul steadfast clients. They noticed that contemporary systems for improving benefit included cost decrease and cost increments. They found these systems, while fruitful in the present moment really sabotaged long haul benefits (Reichheld and Kenny 1991). By looking at the presentation between banks taking an interest in the examination (Reichheld and Kenny 1990-1991) found that the individuals who concentrated on holding store clients beat their rivals. Reichheld and Kenny (1991) credited the expansion in development to the 'moving of rivalry from the open market where the banks had little control,' to inside their branches, where they could practice more noteworthy control. Reichheld and Kenny (1991, p.20) distinguished five key territories that influenced long haul execution and expanded benefits. 1) Balances develop after some time; 2) The cost of getting new clients is brought about just in the primary year, in this way the more drawn out the relationship the lower the amortized cost; 3) The expense of keeping up clients is fairly fixed, along these lines support costs decay as the relationship stretches; 4) Long-term clients are bound to extend their relationship to different items or administrations; and 5) Long-term clients are bound to allude their companions and family members to the bank. Reichheld and Kenny (1991) closed by taking note of that the banks that effectively oversee maintenance will set up themselves as development and benefit pioneers inside the retail banking industry. Subsequent to perceiving that RM writing concentrated prevalently on the advantages of client unwaveringness from the point of view of the firm, Gwinner, Gremler, and Bitner (1998)

26 Famous People Wh? Will Inspire Y?u to Never Give Up

26 Famous People Wh? Will Inspire Y?u to Never Give Up “Th?r? are enough ????l? in th? w?rld wh? are g?ing t? writ? ??u off. Y?u d?n’t need t? do that to ??ur??lf”.Life ?lw??? ???m? t? ?r???nt us with innumerable challenges ?nd problems on a daily basis.It thr?w? l?ft hooks wh?n w? w?r? ?x???ting right ?n??; it gives u? apples wh?n w? d??ir? ?r?ng??; it ?v?n ?r???nt? us with ???mingl? awful surprises th?t w? w?r?n’t ?x???ting, ?nd it bl??t? u? with un-r???ur??ful emotions that t?nd t? ti? u? d?wn to a lif? ?f m?di??rit? ?nd unhappiness.Despite ?ll thi?, it i? not ?? mu?h what h????n? t? u? that ??tu?ll? m?k?? a difference, it i? r?th?r wh?t w? d? with wh?t h????n? to us th?t d?t?rmin?? wh?r? w? will ?nd up, wh?t w? will have, ?nd h?w w? will b? tr?n?f?rm?d by ?ur experiences.It is very easy to strive t?w?rd? the attainment of our g??l? and ?bj??tiv?? wh?n the ????n? ?r? calm ?nd n?thing ?????r? to be ?t?nding in ?ur w??.However, if we ?r? not m?nt?ll? ?r???r?d for th? m?m?nt ??m?thing b?gin? to stir th? waters ?nd r??k th? boat f r?m side-to-side, w? b?gin to panic ?nd ?truggl? t? d??l with ?ur circumstances.We ??? th??? ?r?bl?m? and challenges ?? l?rg?r th?n lif? ?nd w?? b???nd our ????biliti?? ?nd means.Th??? ?v?nt? m?? very well end u? overwhelming u? and ??u?ing great h??rt??h? and h?rd?hi?.A? a result, w? m?? ?nd u? ?uitting and thr?wing in th? t?w?l of d?f??t, ?ll b???u?? ?ur resolve w??n’t ?tr?ng ?n?ugh t? h?ndl? the burden ?????i?t?d with ?ur journey t?w?rd? th? ?tt?inm?nt ?f our ?bj??tiv??.Pr?b?bl? the t?ugh??t ?nd m??t ?h?ll?nging obstacles th?t w? f??? come fr?m within ?ur??lv??.Th??? ?b?t??l?? are extremely challenging t? overcome because in m?n? in?t?n??? w? ?r? ?im?l? blind?d t? th?ir ?xi?t?n??.Y?ur first ?bj??tiv? i? to id?ntif? th??? ?b?t??l?? ?nd endeavour t? understand how th?? ?r? ?ff??ting your lif? and ??r???ti?n ?f reality.Secondly, you mu?t l??rn to d??l with th?m in ?n ?ff??tiv? ?nd r???ur??ful way th?t will once ?g?in help m?v? ??u in th? right dir??ti?n.L?T’? T?K? A CLOSER L??K AT ???H ?F TH??? ?B?T??L?? IN A LITTL? M?R? D?T?IL“Your hardest tim?? often l??d to th? greatest m?m?nt? ?f ??ur life. Keep g?ing. Tough ?itu?ti?n? build ?tr?ng people in th? ?nd”. Ro? T. B?nn?tt, The Light in the H??rtLack ?f DesireA lack ?f d??ir? m??n? th?t ??u ?im?l? d? n?t have ?n?ugh ?m?ti?n behind ??ur ??ti?n?.It m??n? that the g??l? ?nd ?bj??tiv?? th?t ??u are w?rking t?w?rd? are n?t yet ?m?ti?n?ll? im??rt?nt ?n?ugh.A? a result, wh?n ?b?t??l?? ??m? ??ur w??, ??u will n?t h?v? th? emotional r???rv?ir? ?v?il?bl? t? successfully d??l with th??? ?h?ll?ng??, ?nd ??u will therefore likely ?u??umb t? ??ur predicament without ?utting u? a fight.L??k of Self-BeliefWh?n belief is lacking, ??u h?v? v?r? littl? h??? ?f ??hi?ving ?n?thing of ?ignifi??n?? in ??ur lif?. Th? v?r? moment an ?b?t??l? ??m?? racing ??r??? ??ur ??th, your l??k of belief will m?nif??t in two w???.Fir?t, it will m?nif??t ?? a lack ?f belief in ??ur??lf. Intrin?i??ll? you d? n?t b?li?v? th?t ??u ?r? g??d enoug h ?r worthy ?n?ugh t? achieve ??ur g??l? ?nd ?bj??tiv??.S???ndl?, your w??k belief ???t?m? r??ult fr?m n?t having enough confidence in your ??r??n?l ?bilit? t? ?u?????full? complete your goals ?nd ?bj??tiv??. A? a r??ult, ??u lack the will-??w?r to persist wh?n things get a littl? t?ugh and somewhat unf?mili?r.A?king t?? M?n? WHY Qu??ti?n?‘Wh?’ ?u??ti?n? ?r? self-sabotaging ?r?gr?mming tools that f??u? ??u ?n ??ur in?d??u??i?? ?nd w??kn?????.Wh?n thing? ?t?rt t? g?t a littl? ?h?ll?nging, ?nd ?xt?rn?ll? it b?gin? t? ?????r as th?ugh you ?r? fighting ?g?in?t a l??ing cause, then ‘why’ ?u??ti?n? will ?ut th? finishing t?u?h?? on a j?urn?? fill?d with r?gr?t ?nd unfulfill?d objectives.The moment you start ??king ??ur??lf…Why does this ?lw??? h????n to m?…?Wh? do I always f?il…?Wh? i? thi? ?lw??? ?? diffi?ult…?Wh? i? lif? always against m?…?…i? the m?m?nt you ?h?uld effectively ???k up your bags ?nd l??v? the Big Brother H?u??.Th??? ?u??ti?n? ?r? ??lf-??b?t?ging f?r?? ? th?t will put ??u into a state ?f r?gr?t ?nd ?m?ti?n?l w??kn???. Av?id them ?t all costs.B?ing Riddl?d with N?g?tiv? Em?ti?n?A n?g?tiv? ?m?ti?n i? b??i??ll? an ?m?ti?n that ?ut? ??u into an un-resourceful ?t?t?, whi?h di???ur?g?? ??ti?n ?nd effective d??i?i?n making.Th? ?m?ti?n? of w?rr?, anxiety, d?ubt, ?v?rwh?lm, anger, ?nd guilt all work together t? create a powerful ??lf-??b?t?ging cocktail th?t will hypnotize ??u into a ?t?t? ?f ??lf-?it?, th?t will lik?wi?? ?r?v?nt ??u fr?m ??hi?ving ??ur g??l? ?nd objectives.B?ing Riddl?d with FearsOver tim?, our n?g?tiv? ?m?ti?n? u?u?ll? turn int? un??ntr?ll?bl? f??r? th?t direct ?nd di?t?t? ?ur daily decisions ?nd ??ti?n?. Th??? f??r? will r?b ??u ?f ??ur lif? ????n?? ?nd d??ir? to successfully m?v? ???t th? ?b?t??l?? th?t ?t?nd in ??ur way.Th? fears ?f rejection, r????n?ibilit?, ?u?????, and f?ilur? will leach and dr?in ??ur ?n?rg? ?f th? life ????n?? ??u n??d t? ?tt?in ??ur g??l? and ?bj??tiv??.B?ing Riddled with Ex?u???All th? above m? nti?n?d ??lf-??b?t?ging f?r??? n?tur?ll? feed the excuses that w? build up within ?ur??lv?? ?v?r tim?.There w?uld b? n? r????n to m?k? ?x?u??? if the above-mentioned forces weren’t directing ?ur b?h?vi?r.Y?t, it is im??rt?nt t? und?r?t?nd th?t in ??m? ways ?ur ?x?u??? ?r? bl???ing? in di?gui??, as th?? ?r?vid? u? with ?n in?ight int? th? ??lf-??b?t?ging forces that are d?min?ting ?ur ?urr?nt r??lit? ?nd process ?f thinking.P?? ?tt?nti?n t? the ?x?u??? ??u continuously m?k? ?nd identify where ?x??tl? th?? ?rigin?t? fr?m. Identification is th? fir?t step th?t will set you ?n course towards t?king control ?f ??ur ?m?ti?n?l r????n???. A?k ??ur??lf:D? my ?x?u??? ??m? fr?m a l??k ?f d??ir??Do th?? ??m? from a l??k ?f self-belief?D? they m?nif??t ?? simply a l??k ?f ??mmitm?nt ?n m? ??rt?Am I m?king ?x?u??? b???u?? I’m ??king t?? many ‘wh?’ ?u??ti?n??D? m? ?x?u??? ??m? fr?m the fact th?t I’m f??u?ing ?n wh?t I d?n’t w?nt?Or d? th?? ?im?l? come fr?m m? n?g?tiv? emotions that ?r? m?nif??ting as f??r??W? ?r? ?ll humans and it i? ?x???t?d that w? h?v? th??? ?b?t??l?? and d?ubt? in our d?il? life ?? w? ?triv? t? ?tt?in ?ur g??l?. But ?? w? already ?t?t?d above, it i? n?t th? ?r?bl?m ?r obstacle that matters, but h?w we h?ndl? it. It is ?l?? expected th?t w? ?v?r??m? them. It might be difficult, but a l?t ?f people h?v? d?n? it, therefore you ??n t??. You have to.In thi? ?rti?l?, we will discourse 27 people wh? f??? ?b?t??l?? in life ?nd ?v?r??m? th?m. Th?ir ?t?ri?? will motivate ??u t? n?v?r give up n? m?tt?r th? circumstance ?r situation.A? far ?? their liv?? ?r? concerned, no obstacle in lif? is insurmountable.27 F?M?U? P???L? WH? WILL IN??IR? YOU T? N?V?R GIVE UP“Winn?r? never quit, ?nd ?uitt?r? never win”. ?Vin?? Lombardi1. Alb?rt Ein?t?inTh? fir?t ?n ?ur list is th? gr??t ??i?nti?t, Alb?rt Ein?t?in. Some ??n?id?r thi? m?n th? m??t int?llig?nt man wh? ever liv?d. It w?uld be ?ur?ri?ing t? kn?w that Alb?rt Ein?t?in didn’t ????k until he w?? thr?? ???r ? ?f age and it took him several m?r? ???r? after that b?f?r? he ??uld ????k flu?ntl?.H? couldn’t r??d until he was seven ???r? ?f age in ?l?m?nt?r? ??h??l and th?t was a ?truggl? f?r him which l?d t? many ????l? suspecting h? was r?t?rd?d.It’? been told th?t wh?n hi? ??h??l teachers ??k?d him a ?u??ti?n he t??k f?r?v?r to ?n?w?r, ?v?n ?il?ntl? mouthing the w?rd? to him??lf b?f?r? ?l?wl? ????king them ?ut loud. In f??t, m?n? ????l? believed Ein?t?in w?uld n?v?r succeed ?t ?n?thing.Einstein didn’t become successful in high?r ?du??ti?n imm?di?t?l? either, but he ??ntinu?d t? f??? diffi?ulti?? ?t ?v?r? turn.He ???li?d t? th? Swi?? F?d?r?l In?titut? ?f technology but f?il?d the ?ntr?n?? ?x?m ?nd had t? t?k? it a second time b?f?r? he w?? ?dmitt?d t? th? school.Th? ??h??l ?v?n rejected hi? doctoral dissertation ?nd ??ll?d it irr?l?v?nt and f?n?iful, whi?h I w?uld ?u????t ??m? back t? h?unt them ???r? l?t?r wh?n hi? brilliance w?? ?vid?nt t? th? ?ntir? world.Aft?r h? fin?ll? gr?du?t ?d from college, h? got a job as a ?l?rk in a ??t?nt ?ffi?? thr?ugh the help of a fri?nd’? d?d ?ft?r tr?ing ??v?r?l tim?? unsuccessfully t? b???m? a ?r?f????r ???i?t?nt.He ??id that h? liked that j?b b???u?? it w?? mostly mindless and allowed him fr?? tim? t? ?tud? ?nd r????r?h ??i?ntifi? th??ri?? h? w?? working ?n ?t th? time. H? stayed in thi? j?b for a while but continued being very absent-minded.It i? ??id th?t h? ?ft?n f?rg?t ?im?l? thing? such ?? making ?ur? h? put ?n hi? ???k? before shoes, ?nd it was ?l?? t?ld th?t he once mi??l???d a d??’? ???r?ll check.R?g?rdl??? of ?ll ?f Einstein’s ??tb??k? and rejection b? the g?n?r?l ?ubli? ?nd ?du??ti?n, he continued hi? ?tudi??, ?x??rim?nt?ti?n ?nd w?rk ?n hi? theories.In f??t, it was n?t until ?ft?r ?n? of Ein?t?in’? fir?t th??ri?? th? ????i?l th??r? ?f relativity w?? ?ubli?h?d that the ??i?ntifi? community ?nd th? w?rld truly r???gniz?d hi? gr??t t?l?nt?.H?w?v?r, ?v?n then many ??i?nti?t? throughout th? world ridi?ul?d him and ?tt??k?d hi? theories ??lling them worthless ?nd u??l???, ?nd even going ?? f?r ?? saying that Ein?t?in does n?t h?v? a logical mind.In true Ein?t?in went ?n t? become a ?r?f????r at th? Univ?r?it? in Züri?h ?nd l?t?r, a ?r?f????r ?f theoretical physics ?t Pr?gu?.He then w?nt ?n t? ?r?v? to ?ll of the doubting, ridi?uling scientists thr?ugh?ut th? w?rld th?t h? did have a brilliant mind b? winning th? N?b?l Priz? in ?h??i?? in 1921.Today, Ein?t?in is a house hold n?m? especially in th? ??i?n?? world. H? n?v?r gave u?, d???it? h?ving ?ll th? r????n? t?.2. Steve J?b?Are ??u a ??ll?g? dropout? St?v? Jobs, th? f?und?r of Apple didn’t g?t hi? ??ll?g? di?l?m? ?ith?r, but this didn’t ?t?? him fr?m dr??ming big. H? even took hi? gr??t??t failures ?nd tr?n?f?rm?d th?m int? hi? greatest ?u?????.At a ??ung age ?f 19, Steve J?b?, t?g?th?r with his fri?nd D?n K?ttk? d??id?d t? drop ?ut ?f R??d C?ll?g? and m?v?d t? India in?t??d.Wh?t’? their r????n? T? find Phil????hi??l Enlightenment. A ?t?g? of J?b?’ lif? wh?r? he l??rn?d th? ??w?r ?f intuiti?nâ€" ??m?thing th?t gr??tl? influenced his works.H? w?? a vi?i?n?r? perfectionist and m??t people didn’t think highly ?f him during hi? ??rl? ???r?.H?w?v?r, ?t the age of 30, his own company (A??l? In?.) d??id?d to fire him.C?n ??u imagine the company ??u’v? built fr?m ??r?t?h, turning it? back on ??u, l??ving ??u humiliated, d??r????d, ?nd most importantly, un?m?l???d?W?ll, St?v? J?b? tried to ?v?r??m? th?t ?nd h? ?u????d?d.11 years ?ft?r Apple decided t? fire him, th? company w?? ?n th? verge of bankruptcy.A time wh?n Mi?r???ft w?? ???ring high. Being the br?in behind A??l? Inc., th? ??m??n? w?? desperate ?nd ?r?wl?d back t? St?v? J?b? â€" ??king if h? could ??n?id?r ??ming b??k.B??i??ll?, h? t??k this ?ff?r ?nd m?d? Apple ?n? of the m??t leading pioneers wh?n it ??m?? t? new g?dg?t? ?nd t??hn?l?gi??.St?v? J?b? w?? fir?d fr?m hi? ?wn company, but he n?v?r g?v? u?.H? ??uldn’t finish ??ll?g? either, but h? ??w ligh t ?t th? ?nd ?f th? tunn?l ?nd h? kept ?n m?king him??lf better f?r th? futur? b???u?? h? kn?w th?t ?n? d??, his faith would ?h?ng? ?nd it did.3. W?lt Di?n??In 1919, Disney w?? fir?d fr?m ?n? of his first animation j?b? ?t th? K?n??? Cit? St?r newspaper b???u?? hi? ?dit?r f?lt h? l??k?d im?gin?ti?n ?nd h?d n? good id???, ????rding t? Th? Wi?d?m ?f Oz.Th?t w??nt th? l??t of hi? f?ilur??. Di?n?? th?n ???uir?d Laugh-O-Gram, ?n animation ?tudi? h? l?t?r drove int? b?nkru?t??. But h? didn’t giv? u? th?n. He later decided to ??t hi? sights on a m?r? profitable ?r??: H?ll?w??d.He ?nd hi? br?th?r moved t? C?lif?rni? ?nd b?g?n th? Di?n?? Brothers Studi?, eventually ?r??ting Mickey M?u?? ?nd Di?n??l?nd and winning 22 Academy Aw?rd?.If h? b?li?v?d he l??k?d im?gin?ti?n, h? would h?v? giv?n up ?n his life dr??m, but h? didn’t. h? strived ?n ?nd ?v?ntu?ll? m?d? it.4. C?l?n?l H?rl?nd D?vid S?nd?r?Colonel H?rl?nd David S?nd?r? was fir?d from d?z?n? of j?b? b?f?r? founding a fri?d ?hi?k?n ?m?ir ?.A???rding to KFC, Colonel Harland S?nd?r? ??ld tires in th? ??rl? 1920’? ?nd b???m? the t?? ??l??m?n in Kentucky, but he was fir?d b???u?? ?f his t?m??r.Times r???rt? h? w?? fir?d from d?z?n? m?r? jobs b?f?r? closing hi? first restaurant ?nd going broke ?t ?g? 65. H? w?? r???rt?dl? fir?d fr?m tw? ????r?t? railroad j?b?, ?n?? f?r in?ub?rdin?ti?n ?nd th? ?th?r tim? f?r fighting a ??ll??gu?, ?nd ?? a country lawyer ?ft?r assaulting hi? ?wn ?li?nt.After l??ing hi? r??t?ur?nt, S?nd?r? tr?v?ll?d ??r??? th? US l??king for someone to sell hi? fri?d ?hi?k?n. It w??nt until 1964, when S?nd?r? was 74 that th? C?l?n?l had more th?n ?ix hundred fr?n?hi??d outlets for hi? ?hi?k?n ?nd h? ??ld his int?r??t in th? company f?r $2 milli?n t? a gr?u? ?f inv??t?r?, ????rding t? Bi?.It is ?nl? logical for one t? r?tir? at the ?g? ?f 60 or so, but h? didn’t giv? u? on his dr??m and h? continued th? ?truggl? till he became ri?h ?t 74.5. Dw??n? J?hn??nH? tri?d t? go ?r? ?ft?r h? gr?du?t?d in 1995, but he was cut fr?m th? Canadian Football Leagues Calgary St?m??d?r? two months into th? season. Th?t was m? ?b??lut? worst time, h? l?t?r told The Hollywood R???rt?r.J?hn??n r????nd?d by ??r?u?ding hi? father t? train him in th? f?mil? bu?in??? ?f ?r?f???i?n?l wrestling ???n after, ?nd h? made hi? W?rld Wr??tling F?d?r?ti?n (WWF) d?but ?? R??k? M?ivi? th? f?ll?wing year.This ?iv?t ??t??ult?d him to ?t?rd?m ?nd allowed him t? ?r??? ?v?r to TV and m?vi?? in the ??rl? 2000’?.If h? h?d given up after being dr?? b? th? f??tb?ll t??m, hi? life would have ended there. But h? didn’t ?nd k??t ?n struggling. That i? the ??w?r of self will.6. Thomas Edi??nH?v? you ever f?lt di???ur?g?d just because ??u f?il?d, maybe ?n?? or twi??? Did ??ur t???h?r ??ll ??u ?tu?id ju?t because ??u ??uldn’t answer a ?im?l? m?th problem? G?t fired from ??ur job?Well, ??u’r? not ?l?n?!Sir Thomas Edison i?n’t ?? intelligent ?? ??u think h? was.In fact, during his ??rl? d???, hi? teachers told him he was “ too dumb t? learn ?n?thing ?nd there w?? n? h??? f?r him.”H? ?v?n stopped hi? f?rm?l education at th? age of 12. N?t only th?t, h? ?l?? f?il?d m?r? or l??? a thousand times with hi? inv?nti?n?. Lik?wi??, h? ?v?n g?t fir?d fr?m hi? fir?t tw? j?b? â€" after l??king ??id ?n to hi? b???’ d??k, but he didn’t giv? up ?nd he didn’t l?t th??? f?ilur?? dr?g him d?wn.In?t??d, h? ign?r?d th??? ?riti?i?m? ?nd d???it? being ?lm??t ??nnil???, h? turned out t? be th? m??t ?u?????ful inventor ?f hi? g?n?r?ti?n.H?ving a great influ?n?? fr?m m?ti?n ?i?tur? ??m?r?? t? ?r??ting the light bulb. C?m? t? think ?f it, if h? did giv? up, ??u’ll ?r?b?bl? b? u?ing ??ndl?? up to now.Al?? d?n’t f?rg?t th?t h? f?il at that light bulb f?r ?b?ut a th?u??nd times b?f?r? he g?t it right. His ?x?u?? w?? that he f?und a 1000 ways n?t t? ?u????d in ?r??ting a light bulb. H? didn’t ??? it as f?ilur?, h? saw it ?? ju?t a diff?r?nt w?? ?f n?t doing it.On? of hi? f?m?u? ?u?t?? is, “Every wr?ng attempt di??? rd?d, is ?n?th?r ?t?? f?rw?rd.”7. O?r?h WinfreyYour f?ilur?? should b? your ?t???ing ?t?n? t? greatness. It doesn’t m?tt?r if ??u’r? poor, ??ur ??r?nt? ?r? irr????n?ibl?, ??u’v? been sexually ?bu??d, or ????l? judged ??u because ?f your ?kin ??l?ur. D?n’t let these thing? bring ??u d?wn.Even the most ??w?rful ?ntr??r?n?ur? f???d the ??m? dilemma, and O?r?h Winfr?? is a living ?x?m?l?. Th? first Afri??n-Am?ri??n billionaire.M??t of u? had a wonderful childhood; but n?t O?r?h. When ?h? w?? 9, she’d b??n ??xu?ll? ?bu??d b? her ??u?in? ?nd even th? fri?nd? ?f her m?m.At th? age ?f 14, ?h? g?t ?r?gn?nt ?nd her ??n died during inf?n??. H?w?v?r, she d?v?l???d ?n oracle gift in ?hur?h, and in 1971, ?h? entered T?nn????? State Univ?r?it?.L?nding h?r fir?t j?b in r?di? ?nd television br??d???ting. Sh? g?t h?r first ???iti?n ?? ?n ?v?ning n?w? anchor f?r Baltimore WJZ-TV, but g?t fir?d shortly.N?t b???u?? ?h? doesn’t have th? t?l?nt, but because she’s “unfit” for TV.F?r h?r , this experience was humili?ting ?nd embarrassing. Sh? even g?t ??xu?ll? h?r????d. Alth?ugh, ?h? didn’t ?ll?w these obstacles, trials, ?nd ?h?ll?ng?? t? defeat h?r. Sh? ??nv?rt?d these mi?f?rtun?? int? gr??t success.Oprah became a talk ?h?w host for AM Chi??g?, and ?h? managed t? make the r?ting? ?k? rocket in just a m?nth; ?nd in 1986, Th? O?r?h Winfr?? Show came to lif?. B??k th?n, most t?lk ?h?w h??t? concentrate ?n tr??h? topics. On the other h?nd, O?r?h f??u??d ?n the middle ?l???, ?nd self-help topics. H?r witty hum?ur ?nd w?rm w?l??m? m?d? h?r gain th? ??m??th? ?f the crowd.H?r talent as a t?lk show h??t, ??mbin?d with her ?ntr??r?n?uri?l skills brought her a n?t worth ?f more ?r less 2.9 billion dollars.8. Kathryn JoostenIn 1995, K?thr?n J???t?n moved in with a family m?mb?r in L?? Ang?l?? b???u?? ?h? wanted t? m?k? it in H?ll?w??d.Lik? m??t girl? f?ll?wing th? ??m? hopeless dream, she h?d n? agent, n? contacts and ?l??? to n?thing ?n her r??um?. S??m? lik? a ?r?tt? t??i? ?l ?t?r?.Unlike m??t girl?, h?w?v?r, Joosten w?? 56. Th? f?mil? m?mb?r was h?r ??n. In th? 60s ?nd 70?, J???t?n h?d a promising ??r??r as a nurse in Chicago, but she gave it u? ?ft?r g?tting m?rri?d.H?r husband w?? a psychiatrist ?nd did ?r?tt? w?ll h? was ?l??, h?w?v?r, a d??db??t ?l??h?li?.Ten years l?t?r, they div?r??d. J???t?n f?und h?r??lf a 40-??m?thing single m?th?r with tw? kid? and thr?? jobs, ?truggling t? m?k? ?nd? m??t.S?, ?h? did th? sensible thing ?nd decided t? dr?? ?v?r?thing to b???m? ?n ??tr???.N?w, h?r?? where ?ur ?t?r? gets inspirational. Joosten started ?uditi?ning f?r ??rt? ?nd nothing happened.And then, m?r? n?thing.For ??v?r?l years.In the meantime, ?h? ?u???rt?d her f?mil? by hanging w?ll????r and painting h?u???, among other gig?. In 1992, she w?? fin?ll? cast b? Disney in h?r first im??rt?nt role: Str??tm???h?r? ??rf?rm?r in th? Orlando th?m? park.Sh? stayed in that ?it? f?r thr?? years th? job didn’t l??t f?r one. B? 1995, she had decided t? try h?r lu?k in L.A., ?v?n if it m??nt m?ving in with h?r son.And th?n Urk?l changed everything. A spot in F?mil? M?tt?r? saying tw? lin?? with Jaleel Whit? l?nd?d J???t?n an ?g?nt wh? ?vid?ntl? m?rk?t?d the shit ?ut ?f her ????? ?ld?r w?m?n im?g?.Soon she got h?r??lf gu??t parts in ?r?tt? much every ?it??m m?d? in th? following d???d?, fr?m S?inf?ld to Fr??i?r to Will Gr??? t? S?rub?. If ??u watch TV ?t ?ll, ??uv? ?r?b?bl? seen h?r f??? ?t least a couple dozen tim??. She w?? the ?r??id?nt? ???r?t?r? in Th? W??t Wing.And th? little old l?d? in D????r?t? H?u??wiv??: K?thr?n J???t?n has w?n two Emm?? f?r th?t D????r?t? H?u??wiv?? role, ?nd it? ?ll b???u?? ?f her un??nn? perseverance.9. Abr?h?m Lin??lnD?n’t let ??ur f?ilur?? bring ??u down. D?n’t b? a ?uitt?r, ??r?i?t?n?? i? th? k??! And th?t’? wh?t Lin??ln did.If you’re n?t ?w?r?, thi? gr??t m?n ?n??unt?r?d a l?t of f?ilur??. F?ilur? ?ft?r failure.In f??t, it ?v?n seemed like it w?? endless! He ??uld’v? ?uit many tim??, but he chos e n?t to. The result, he became ?n? of the greatest presidents ?f ?ll tim?.Th?ugh, b?f?r? b???ming a ?r??id?nt, he ?n??unt?r?d ??v?r?l f?ilur??. S?m? of th??? ?r?: hi? m?th?r died; hi? business failed; h? tri?d to run f?r ?t?t? legislature ?nd h? l??t; h? g?t fir?d fr?m his j?b; he w?nt?d t? g? t? l?w school, but h? couldn’t ?v?n g?t in; he tri?d ?t?rting a bu?in??? and b?rr?w?d ??m? m?n?? fr?m his friends but ?t th? ?nd ?f th? year, he f???d b?nkru?t??.C?n ??u im?gin? h?w tough it w?? f?r him? Though, he n?v?r g?v? u?.Around 1834, h? tried running f?r ?t?t? l?gi?l?tur? ?g?in ?nd he w?n this tim?. Likewise, a ???r after, h? g?t engaged ?nd w?? about t? b? married.Unf?rtun?t?l?, it seemed lik? l?d? lu?k f?ll ??l??? ?n?? ?g?in. Hi? ?w??th??rt died ?nd Ab? had a total nervous br??kd?wn and w?? b?d ridd?n f?r ?ix m?nth?.Aft?r that, he tri?d entering ??liti?? ?nd f???d d?f??t for a number ?f tim??. Still, it didn’t make him l??? h???, ?nd in 1860 he w?? elected president of the US.Th u?, hi? l?g??? liv?? onâ€" a man who ?h?ng?d a nation d???it? m?n? ?dv?r?iti?? ?nd f?ilur??.10. Al?n Ri?km?nIf ??u ?r? an ???iring m?vi? ??t?r, h?w long w?uld ??u ?lug away at it b?f?r? d??iding it? n?t f?r ??u?Lik?, if ??uv? made it t? ??ur 40’? with?ut ?v?r appearing in a m?vi?, th?t? ?r?b?bl? a sign th?t ??ur? n?v?r g?ing to have an ??ti?n figure m?d? from you, right?S? there w?? this gu? n?m?d Al?n who h?d gotten an art d?gr?? (because enrolling in drama ?l????? w??nt ??n?id?r?d th? ??n?ibl? thing t? do), and b? hi? l?t? 20’s w?? d?ing as w?ll ?? youd expect ?n??n? with a d?gr?? to d?.H? w?? running hi? ?wn gr??hi? design bu?in??? ?nd th?t? when he d??id?d t? drop absolutely ?v?r?thing and ?ign u? for ??ting ?l?????.H? ?v?n l?ft hi? ?wn ??m??n? t? ??n??ntr?t? full-time ?n ??ting, whi?h d???nt d? a l?t for ??ur fin?n?i?l ???urit?, it turns out.Whil? ?tud?ing ?t the R???l A??d?m? ?f Dramatic Art?, Ri?km?n w?? ?u?hing 30 ?nd ?u???rting him??lf b? w?rking ?? a dr????r for ?th?r actors (?nd we m??n lit?r?ll? h?l?ing them ?ut their clothes ?n).He did g?t t? meet stage ??t?r? like Sir Nig?l Hawthorne, but th?ir interaction ?t this point w?? probably limit?d to fetch m? m? l??t?rd?, b??.And this w?nt ?n f?r years. Rickman f?rt?d around th? th??t?r scene f?r ?v?r a d???d?.Th?n finally Ri?km?n w?? ???t ?? one of th? l??d? in th? ?t?g? version ?f th? book L?? Li?i??n? Dangereuses. The ?l?? w?? a hit ?nd was ???n ?d??t?d b? H?ll?w??d ?? D?ng?r?u? Li?i??n?. B??m! Success! Everyone involved in it became internationally famous! Ex???t Ri?km?n, because th?? r??l???d him with J?hn M?lk?vi?h.H?w?v?r, Ri?km?n? ??rf?rm?n?? did catch th? ?tt?nti?n ?f producer Joel Silv?r, wh? tw? years l?t?r ??k?d him t? ?t?r ?? th? vill?in in some action m?vi? with ??m? TV ??t?r n?m?d Bru?? Willi?. Something ?b?ut a bun?h ?f t?rr?ri?t? t?king ?v?r a ?k???r???r.Yep, Alan Ri?km?n, th? b??t bad-guy ??t?r m??b? ever, the m?n b?hind H?n? Gruber ?nd Pr?f????r Snape fr?m the Harry P?tt?r ??ri?? , started hi? film ??r??r at age 42. H? never gave u?.11. Harrison FordTh? ??t?r w? kn?w as H?n S?l? ?nd Indiana J?n?? u??d t? b? ?n?th?r struggling ??t?r.H? h?d small roles but not ?n?ugh to take ??r? ?f hi? wif? and two kid?. S? h? became a ??lf-t?ught carpenter in his 30’?. H? n?v?r gave up hi? dream of b?ing an ??t?r but b?ing a ??r??nt?r provided income so he wouldn’t h?v? t? take ?r???? r?l??.At 29, he g?t a supporting role in George Lucas’ American Graffiti.H?w did h? g?t the part?H? w?? hir?d t? build cabinets in G??rg?’? h?u??. Th?t didn’t turn him into a m?vi? ?t?r immediately, whi?h w?uld h????n ?ix ???r? later.At th? ?g? ?f 35, h? ?t?rr?d ?? Hans S?l? in St?r Wars, ?r??t?d by th? ??m? G??rg? Lucas. H? h?d hi? big break ?t th?t at an ?g? wh?n m?n? ?f u? think it’? t?? l?t? t? d? ?n?thing with ?ur liv??. H? lit?r?ll? never g?v? u?.12. Jon HammBefore h? w?? D?n Dr???r in the hit ??ri?? Mad M?n, J?n was a ?truggling ??t?r ???r???hing hi? ??lf-im????d d??dlin? ?n his dream.In ??h??l h? played ???rt? ?? mu?h as he ??t?d, but he g?t drawn b??k int? acting. In ??ll?g?, h? did ??m? theater. After gr?du?ting fr?m ??ll?g? with ?n Engli?h d?gr??, h? t?ught eight gr?d? acting.In 1995, h? d??id?d t? move out t? Los Angeles with hi? ??r and $150. He didn’t w?nt t? h?v? a “n?rm?l career”.H? h?d ?n ?g?nt with the f?m?u? Willi?m M?rri? Ag?n??.Success right? Wr?ng.In thr?? ???r?, h? didn’t g?t a single ??ting job. Th?t tim? m?n? 25 ???r ?ld? w?r? getting jobs ?l??ing high ??h??l ?tud?nt?. He didn’t b???u?? h? looked t?? ?ld.S? hi? agency dr????d him.H? w?rk?d ?? a ??t dr????r for ??ft ??r? ??rn films. H? b???m? a waiter. H? had given him??lf five years to m?k? it as a w?rking actor. H? w?? n?w 29. Tim? w?? running out. H? could m?k? a living as a w?it?r. But h? knew a l?t of 40-year-old w?it?r? and he didn’t w?nt t? b? ?n? of those. H? h?d taught ??h??l and h? kn?w that he ??uld always g? b??k t? t???hing.He g?v? him??lf a deadline ?f 30 ???r? ?ld to succeed and ??id: Y?u ?ith?r ?u?k th?t u? ?nd find ?n?th?r ?g?nt, or you g? h?m? ?nd say you gave it a shot, but th?t’? the ?nd of th?t.The l??t thing I w?nt?d t? be ?ut h?r? was ?n? of th??? ??t?r? who is 45 ???r? ?ld, with a t?nu?u? grasp ?f th?ir ?wn r??lit?, ?nd not r??ll? w?rking mu?h.S? I g?v? m???lf fiv? ???r?. I said, if I ??n’t g?t it g?ing by the tim? I’m 30, I’m in the wr?ng place. And as ???n ?? I ??id that, it’? lik? I ?t?rt?d working right ?w??.At the age ?f 29, h? got cast in a t?l?vi?i?n ?h?w, Pr?vid?n??. Th?t led him to ?uit w?iting t?bl??. Wh?n h? turn?d 30, he w?? ?n th? ??t ?f hi? first big m?vi?, W? W?r? S?ldi?r? ?t?rring Mel Gibson.After many ?m?ll r?l?? the n?xt years, in 2007 ?t the age of 36, he beat ?ut 80 ??t?r? f?r th? r?l? ?f Don Dr???r ?n M?d M?n.13. S?lv??t?r St?ll?n?H? w?? a ?truggling ??t?r in ?v?r? d?finiti?n. H? w?? ?? br?k? he ??ld hi? wif?’? j?w?ll?r?! (Sh? w??n’t happy about th?t of ??ur??).Hi? l?w??t ??int ??m? when h? tri ?d t? ??ll his dog ?t the liquor ?t?r? t? ?n? ?tr?ng?r. H? didn’t h?v? m?n?? to f??d him anymore. He ??ld hi? d?g f?r $25 ?ft?r a guy bargained fr?m $50. H? said h? walked ?w?? ?r?ing.Two w??k? l?t?r he saw a b?xing m?t?h between the w?rld champion Mohammed Ali ?nd Chu?k W??n?r. Stallone had hi? id?? for hi? movie. H? ??t d?wn and wr?t? th? ??r??n?l?? f?r R??k? in 20 h?ur?.He tri?d t? ??ll it. H? g?t an offer for $125,000 for hi? script! Th?t m?n?? w?uld h?v? changed hi? life. He h?d ?n? request. He w?nt?d t? ?t?r in th? m?vi?. Th? ?tudi? ??id n? w??. Th?? wanted a real ?t?r. N?t a gu? wh? looked funn? and t?lk?d funn?. He l?ft.A few weeks l?t?r, th?? ?ff?r?d $250,000 then $325,000. Th?? w?nt?d hi? movie but n?t him. H? ??id no. H? was ?n actor fir?t. Th? studio ?gr??d ?n giving him $35,000 f?r the ??r??n?l?? ?nd l?t him ?t?r in it.Th? rest i? m?vi? hi?t?r?. It w?n B??t Pi?tur? ?t th? Oscars ?nd t??k him t? ?t?rd?m. H? was 30 ???r? old wh?n R??k? was r?l????d.You might be w?nd?rin g what w?? th? fir?t thing h? b?ught with th? $35,000? He said h? stood at th? liquor ?t?r? f?r three d??? h??ing t? see the m?n he ??ld his d?g t?.Finally on the third d?? h? ???? the m?n ?nd his dog. H? ?x?l?in?d wh? h? ??ld him, but b?gg?d f?r him b??k. H? offered $100. The m?n ??id n?. $500. $1000. The gu? ??id n? amount of money w?uld make him ??ll th? d?g. St?ll?n? w?? d?t?rmin?d. He had to g?t his d?g back.H? ?ff?r?d the m?n $15,000 and a ??rt in R??k?! Th? guy ??id yes and St?ll?n? g?t hi? d?g back.14. Julia ChildAft?r ??ll?g?, she worked as a copywriter, writing for l???l ?ubli??ti?n?, ?nd in advertising until the age of 29.She th?n worked f?r th? Offi?? ?f Str?t?gi? Services (OSS), which w?? a Unit?d St?t?? intelligence ?g?n?? f?rm?d during W?rld War II. It w?? a predecessor ?f the Central Int?llig?n?? Ag?n?? (CIA). She d??lt with a lot ?f highl? ?l???ifi?d information.Aft?r th? w?r ?nd ?t th? age of 36, ?h? ?nd h?r hu?b?nd m?v?d t? Paris. H? intr?du??d h?r to fine ?ui?in? . Th?t’? wh?r? ?h? ?tt?nd?d th? famous Le C?rd?n Bleu cooking ??h??l and ?tudi?d with ?th?r m??t?r ?h?f?.That ?t?rt?d h?r l?v? ?f f??d ?nd ???nt the r??t ?f h?r life ?h?ring it with ?udi?n??? in Am?ri?? ?? a f?m?u? television ??r??n?lit? ?nd author.15. Su??n BoyleSu??n B??l? ??rti?i??t?d in ??m? ?inging events to whi?h ?th?r? m??k?d h?r than judged h?r ability to ?ing.H?r m?th?r encouraged her t? ?uditi?n for Brit?in’? G?t Talent. She was hesitant because ?h? b?li?v?d people w?r? being chosen for their looks.Thr?ugh th? ??n?t?nt ??r?u??i?n of her f?rm?r ????h, ?h? t??k the courage to try as a tribute t? h?r m?th?r. She w?? 47 ???r? ?ld b??k th?n.When she ?t????d on stage and ??k?d about h?r dream, she r????nd?d: “I’m tr?ing to b? a professional singer. As ?u?????ful ?? El?in? P?ig?.”S?m? ??rt? ?f th? ?udi?n?? ?t?rt?d r?lling th?ir ???? in di?b?li?f of th? kind ?f ?mbiti?n ?h? h??. S?m? felt disgusted on her l?v?l ?f ??nfid?n??.Despite the crowd’s doubt, B??l? ?h??? to ig n?r? th?m ?nd went on ?inging h?r winning ?i??? “I Dreamed a Dream”.A? ???n as ?h? hits th? fir?t note, all ?f their doubts turn?d int? awe. She managed t? fini?h the song r???iving a standing ovation from th? audience ?nd thr?? YES fr?m judg??. In fact, her first ?lbum I Dr??m?d a Dream at one point became UK’? best-selling d?but album ?f ?ll time.People will ?lw??? doubt ??ur ?biliti??. You m?? even d?ubt them ??ur??lf. But th? ??w?r ?f ????i?n ?h?uld b? stronger ?n?ugh t? kill th??? doubts ?? that ??u ??n ?triv? on. Giving u? ?h?uld n?v?r b? an ??ti?n. Th?r? m?? b? ?n? or tw? th?t b?li?v?? in ??u. And if ?v?r n? ?n? will, your numb?r ?n? f?n i? ??ur??lf.When your d?ubt? are pulling ??u down ?nd ?r? ??nvin?ing you to giv? up, slap them with truth â€" th?? ?r? ju?t d?ubt? ?nd they can v?ni?h if you ?h???? to. St?? on wh?t?v?r stage ??u ?r? willing t? g?.Wh?th?r ??u make it ?r not, you ?lr??d? won ?g?in?t ??ur powerful ?n?m? â€" d?ubt?.Step a little further and you’ll ???n ? ?hi?v? wh?t your h??rt d??ir??. F?ilur? i? only gu?r?nt??d wh?n ??u give u? ?nd ?u??umb t? th? fear ?nd ?riti?i?m fr?m ?th?r?.16. Laura Ing?ll? Wild?rGr?wing u?, Wild?r r????t?dl? moved from ?l???? t? places. With a desire t? h?l? her f?mil?, ?h? d??id?d t? b???m? a teacher.Sh? ?uit t???hing when ?h? got m?rri?d ?nd helped her hu?b?nd in the f?rm. Following the death of th?ir ?n?-m?nth ?ld son, h?r hu?b?nd became partially ??r?l?z?d.Sh? was 43 ???r? old when her d?ught?r, R???, ?n??ur?g?d her t? writ? a m?m?ir ?b?ut h?r ?hildh??d. H?r first ?tt?m?t ?n writing her ?ut?bi?gr??h? was r?j??t?d ??v?r?l times. D?t?rmin?d to ?u????d, she ???nt the n?xt ??v?r?l ???r? improving it. The ?ubli?h?r? agreed to publish her w?rk in a f?rm ?f fi?ti?n story f?r young ?hildr?n.Sh? was 65 years ?ld wh?n “Littl? H?u?? in th? Big Woods” was ?ubli?h?d. Sh? wr?t? ?th?r “Little H?u??” series in?luding th? last one th?t ??m? ?ut ?t ?g? 76. She didn’t quit.Wild?r’? story i? ?n in??iring example o f rising d???it? difficulties ?nd age. She did n?t let h?r age ?t?? th? unveiling of her t?l?nt?. H?r experiences b???m? ?n added b?nu? that made h?r story w?rth? t? ?h?r?.Y?u h?v? a story t? share. St?rt writing it n?w b???u?? you n?v?r kn?w wh?n the right tim? kn??k? on ??ur door. Y?u d?n’t w?nt t? open it only to giv? an ?m?t? h?nd. Th?t w?uld mean a w??t?d opportunity!17. H?rr? B?rn?t?inH?rr? B?rn?t?in ?n??unt?r?d an unbearable l?n?lin??? after th? d??th of hi? wif?.This ?v?nt ??rv?d ?? the ??t?l??t to ?t?rt writing hi? first ?ubli?h?d b??k. Pri?r t? writing it, h? w?rk?d f?r diff?r?nt ?r?du?ti?n ??m??ni?? as a m?g?zin? ?dit?r ?nd fr??l?n?? writ?r until the ?g? ?f 62.H? started writing the book, Th? Invi?ibl? Wall: A L?v? St?r? That Br?k? B?rri?r?, wh?n h? w?? 93. It r???unt? his ?hildh??d ?x??ri?n??? in?luding the struggle hi? f?mil? und?rw?nt during W?rld War I. The b??k w?? ?ubli?h?d wh?n he was 96.What ?x?u??? are ??u t?lling ??ur??lf right now? Do not l?t heartaches ?r f? ilur?? impede ??ur growth. R?m?mb?r th?t th?? ?r? part of lif? ?nd th?? may ?lw??? ??m? ?n? m?m?nt. Ri?ing ?b?v? th?t ??in will m?k? you a stronger ??r??n.Whatever ?itu?ti?n ??u h?v?, ??u ??n ?lw??? turn a seemingly curse int? a bl???ing. Y?u ??n convert a d??m int? a r??m ?f happiness. Y?u ??n always choose to m?k? tomorrow better th?n today.It’? ?nl? you wh? ??n ?h???? t? giv? up t?d?? ?r strive to succeed t?m?rr?w.18. Gl?d?? BurrillGl?d?? Burrill is trul? ?n? incredible woman. She had b??n ?n ?ir?r?ft ?il?t, m?unt?in climber, hik?r ?nd a horseback rid?r. But th??? thing? ?r? n?t wh?t ?h? i? kn?wn f?r.Sh? h?d h?r fir?t marathon wh?n she was 86 years old. Sh? became f?m?u? ?ft?r completing th? Honolulu M?r?th?n ?t the age ?f 92. Wait, marathon? 92 ???r? ?ld? Y?????!Th?ugh she ??w?r-w?lk?d and j?gg?d all throughout, she m?n?g?d to reach the fini?h line. Even th?ugh it took h?r nin? hours ?nd 53 minut?? to fini?h, ?h? is ?r?ud of r???hing th? g??l she set.Sh? w?? d?t?rmin?d t? d? i t, and ?? she did. In turn, ?h? w?? r???gniz?d by Guinn??? World R???rd? ?nd H?w?ii H?u?? ?f R??r???nt?tiv?? f?r her w?nd?rful ?t?r?.How d?t?rmin?d ?r? ??u t? ??hi?v? ??ur g??l?? Th?t’? ?ll th?t counts.19. S?r?h Silv?rm?nAt the beginning ?f her ??m?d? ??r??r, S?r?h Silverman w?? fir?d from SNL for being too Sarah Silverman.Th? ??m?di?n worked ?t SNL for 18 w??k? ?? a writ?r ?nd featured ?l???r in th? early 90’s, though n?n? of th? ?k?t?h?? ?h? wr?t? ?v?r aired. Sh? was fir?d ?t th? ?nd of th? ?????n.B?b Od?nkirk, wh? wrote for th? ?h?w ?l?ng?id? Silverman, explained hi? und?r?t?nding ?f why ?h? was fir?d to the N?w Y?rk?r:I ??uld ??? how it wouldnt w?rk ?t SNL, because ?h?? got h?r ?wn v?i??, ?h?? v?r? much S?r?h Silv?rm?n all the tim?. Sh? ??n ?l?? a ?h?r??t?r but she doesnt di??????r int? th? ?h?r??t?râ€"?h? m?k?? th? ?h?r??t?r h?r. Sh? d???nt r??ll? d? character voices. Sh? puts ?ut ?tuff that ?h? w?uld ???r??i?t? and th?n ??u ??n lik? it or n?tâ€"?h? doesnt giv? a ?hit.N?w S ilv?rm?n i? a h?u??h?ld n?m? in ??m?d?, arguably because ?f h?r un?b??h?d Sarah Silv?rm?n-n???.It would have b??n ??n?ibl? to ?uit being h?r??lf ?nd b? wh? they want her t? b?. But that w??n’t wh?t she w?nt?d ?nd she refused. Sh? didn’t giv? up on herself and ?h? succeeded b???u?? ?f that.20. Cl??t?n And?r??nA?r?????? ?ngin??r Clayton And?r??n w?? r?j??t?d b? NASA 15 times before finally going t? space.According t? th? b??k Oth?r P???l?? R?j??ti?n Letters, Anderson didnt feel d??r????d after r???iving rejection letters fr?m NASA. He ??id he actually f?lt h??? wh?n?v?r he r???iv?d ?n?: Most applicants r???iv? ???t??rd?; a l?tt?r ??nt on ?t?ti?n?r? m??nt something.Aft?r getting selected t? tr?in as a mi??i?n ????i?li?t by NASA in 1998, h? finally ?h?t int? ????? in 2007 to spend fiv? m?nth? aboard the International S???? St?ti?n.I kn?w I ?m ?uit? ??r?i?t?nt, but I would h?v? giv?n u? on th? 3rd ?r 4th r?j??ti?n, but h? m?d? it thr?ugh 15.If ??u h?v? a goal, k??? at it, ??u’d ?v? ntu?ll? w?r? it d?wn ?nd succeed. Th?r? i? ?nl? ??m? much f?ilur? in the world, ?u????? would ??m? ?v?ntu?ll?, ?? far ?? ??u k??? tr?ing.21. J.K. R?wlingBest-selling author J.K. R?wling was a ?ingl? m?m living on w?lf?r? wh?n ?h? b?g?n writing th? fir?t Harry P?tt?r n?v?lBefore h?r H?rr? P?tt?r series ??ld m?r? th?n 450 milli?n ???i??, won innum?r?bl? ?w?rd?, w?? m?d? int? a hit m?vi? fr?n?hi??, ?nd transformed Rowlings lif?, she liv?d in a ?r?m??d ???rtm?nt with her d?ught?r, jobless and penniless, ?nd f?lt like th? bigg??t failure ?h? kn?w.Rowling has said she r???iv?d loads of r?j??ti?n? fr?m book ?ubli?h?r? wh?n ?h? fir?t sent ?ut h?r H?rr? P?tt?r ?nd the Philosophers St?n? m?nu??ri?t, ?nd ?h? tweeted th?t ?h? ?inn?d her first rejection l?tt?r t? her kit?h?n wall b???u?? it g?v? h?r something in ??mm?n with her f?v?rit? writers. I wasnt g?ing t? giv? u? until ?v?r? single ?ubli?h?r turn?d me d?wn, but I ?ft?n f??r?d th?t w?uld h????n, she ??id.L?nd?n ?ubli?hing house Bloomsbury fin?ll? gave h?r b??k th? green light in 1997, ?nd ?h? i? n?w ?n? of th? w?rld? t??-??rning ?uth?r?. Lik? I ??id previously, if ??u ?r? rejected, tr? ?g?in and again ?nd again. On? d?? it w?uld ?ll work out.22. J?rr? SeinfeldF?m?u? ??m?di?n Jerry S?inf?ld ?uff?r?d ??v?r?l ??tb??k? before hi? big br??k In Judd A??t?w? book, Si?k in th? H??d â€" Conversations ?b?ut lif? ?nd ??m?d?, S?inf?ld r???ll? that the very fir?t time h? performed ?t?nd u?, he b?mb?d.Though h? h?d r?h??r??d hi? material th?r?ughl? the night b?f?r?, wh?n h? ?t????d out ?n ?t?g?, he couldnt r?m?mb?r a w?rd of his act. I stood th?r? f?r ?b?ut thirt? ????nd? saying ?b??lut?l? n?thing, ju?t standing there, fr??king out. I ju?t ??uldnt b?li?v? it.Aft?r im?r?ving hi? ?t?nd-u? ??t, th? ??m?di?n ??rn?d a small r?l? ?n th? sitcom Benson. But, according t? the N?w Y?rk Tim??, S?inf?ld ?nd the ?h?w? producers clashed ?v?r th? ?h?r??t?r? dir??ti?n, and h? was fir?d ?ft?r ?nl? four ??i??d??.Unfortunately, no ?n? b?th?r?d to t ?ll S?inf?ld h?d b??n ?ut, ????rding t? J?rr? S?inf?ld: Mu?h Ad? Ab?ut Nothing.Seinfeld ?h?w?d u? f?r a r??d-thr?ugh of th? ??ri?t one d?? and f?und th?r? was n? ???? w?iting for him. Th? ???i?t?nt director ?ull?d him ??id? and t?ld him th?t they h?d neglected t? inf?rm him h? was n? l?ng?r ?n th? ?h?w.Seinfeld w?? humili?t?d, but h? w?nt right b??k t? ??rf?rming ?t ??m?d? ?lub?. Aft?r ?n? performance, a talent ???ut f?r th? T?night Sh?w w?? in th? ?udi?n??. Seinfeld landed a gig ?n th? show ?nd hi? career imm?di?t?l? t??k ?ff.K??? your h??d u? in f?ilur?, and ??ur head down in ?u?????, th? comedian wr?t? in a Reddit AMA.23. Sir I???? N?wt?nSir I???? N?wt?n? m?th?r pulled him out ?f ??h??l ?? a b?? ?? that h? ??uld run th? family f?rm.He failed mi??r?bl?. R??lizing her son was n?t m??nt t? till th? land, ?h? l?t Newton fini?h his b??i? education and w?? ?v?ntu?ll? ??r?u?d?d t? ?ll?w him t? enrol in C?mbridg? Univ?r?it?.N?wt?n w?nt ?n t? b???m? one ?f the gr??t??t ??i?nti?t? ?f ?ll t im?, r?v?luti?nizing physics and m?th?m?ti??.24. Win?t?n Chur?hillThis Nobel Priz?-winning, twi??-?l??t?d Prim? Minster ?f th? Unit?d Kingdom wasn’t ?lw??? as well r?g?rd?d as he i? t?d??. Churchill ?truggl?d in ??h??l ?nd f?il?d the sixth gr?d?.Aft?r ??h??l h? f???d m?n? ???r? ?f ??liti??l f?ilur??, ?? h? w?? d?f??t?d in every ?l??ti?n f?r ?ubli? ?ffi?? until he fin?ll? b???m? th? Prime Mini?t?r ?t th? ri?? ?ld ?g? ?f 62. H? had ample tim? to ?uit but h? d??id?d t? fight on.At 62 h? b???m? ?rim? minister ?f ?n? ?f the gr??t??t ??untr?’? in th? w?rld.25. Michael J?rd?nM??t ????l? w?uldn’t b?li?v? th?t a m?n ?ft?n l?ud?d as th? b??t basketball player ?f all tim? was ??tu?ll? ?ut from his high ??h??l b??k?tb?ll team, he just wasn’t g??d ?n?ugh.Lu?kil?, J?rd?n didn’t l?t thi? ??tb??k stop him fr?m ?l??ing th? g?m? ?nd h? has ?t?t?d, “I have mi???d more th?n 9,000 shots in m? career. I h?v? l??t almost 300 g?m??. On 26 ?????i?n? I have been ?ntru?t?d to take th? g?m? winning ?h?t, ?nd I mi???d. I have f?il?d ?v?r ?nd ?v?r ?nd ?v?r again in my life. And th?t is why I succeed.”There i? just n?ting more t? ?dd.26. Franklin RooseveltAr? you ?fr?id ?f ??mmitting f?ilur??? Wh?? Just b???u?? you think it’s impossible, it d???n’t imply th?t it r??ll? i?. In fact, ??u’ll n?v?r kn?w until ??u tr?. Th?t’? wh?t Fr?nklin Roosevelt b?li?v?d in.B?f?r? b???ming th? 32nd president of th? United St?t??, Teddy R????v?lt f???d many h?rd?hi?? in lif?. D???it? th? f??t th?t he w?? b?rn int? a lif? of w??lth ?nd extreme privilege, th?t didn’t m?k? thing? ???i?r for him. Yes, h? managed to graduate in a ?r??tigi?u? ??h??l ?nd ?nt?r?d a lif? ?f politics in 1910.However, during the f?t?ful ???r ?f 1921, h? was inf??t?d with polio. Hi? body w?? n??rl? ??r?l?z?d and h? lost hi? legs during the b?ttl?. With this, h? w?nt through a period ?f ?xtr?m? depression, but h? knew th?t h? ?h?uldn’t giv? u?.In 1928, ?v?n being ??nfin?d in a wh??l?h?ir h? still tried t? r?-?nt? r ??liti?? ?nd b???m? th? president ?f th? Unit?d States for 4 terms.Franklin R????v?lt experienced a ??iritu?l h??ling during th? ???r? ?f his illn???. Before, h? used t? b? ?rr?g?nt and in??n?itiv?.H?w?v?r, after that in?id?nt, h? b???m? a warm h??rt?d ??r??n with a d????r ?hil????h? in life. In?t??d of l?tting hi? im??irm?nt make him ?????r w??k, he ?m?rg?d ?? a better ??r??n.REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD NEVER GIVE UP“If ??u h?v? a dream, d?n’t ju?t sit th?r?. G?th?r courage to b?li?v? th?t you ??n ?u????d ?nd l??v? n? stone unturned to m?k? it a reality”. ? R???l??nS?m?tim?? we feel like w? h?v? n?thing l?ft t? giv?, ?nd n? m?tt?r h?w h?rd we try, w? k??? hitting road blocks that seem t? hold us b??k.The matter ?f f??t i?, if w? ??n overcome the obstacles ?r???nt?d to u? ?nd keep pushing through th? b?d tim??, w? will find th? ?u????? within ourselves t? ?r??t? ??m?thing w?rthwhil?.It i?n’t always ???? tr?ing t? reach th? t??, but when you’re thinking ?b?ut giving u?, rememb er these people wh? b???m? gr??t despite the ?b?t??l?? that th?? f???d.Al?? r?m?mb?r th??? f?w thing? t? guild ??u:a. Th?r?’? always ??m??n? w?rking h?rd?r th?n ??u ?r?Even if ??u think you’ve d?n? all ??u ??n, ??u’r? wr?ng. Ev?r??n? has a dream, g??l ?nd m?tiv?ti?n. It ju?t depends h?w f?r ??u’r? willing to g? to g?t what ??u w?nt.Su????? ??m?? fr?m b?ing unique ?nd ?t?nding out among the ?r?wd. If ??u settle f?r g??d ?n?ugh, th?t’? ?ll ??u will b? ?nd ??m??n? will surpass ??u.b. N?b?d?’? PerfectW? are ?ll human. Realizing th?t it? okay t? m?k? a mi?t?k? is only ??rt ?f the b?ttl? t? th?t ultim?t? goal. L??rning and m?ving forward comes fr?m d?ing ??m?thing wrong ?nd b?ing told how t? d? it right.Riding a bike without tr?ining wh??l? i?n’t ?n easy f??t, but ?n?? w? learned th? rhythm ?nd h?w t? b? in ??ntr?l, it b???m? a skill w? w?uldnt f?rg?t.If we throw in th? t?w?l ?ft?r the fir?t mishap ?r the fir?t tim? we h??r ????l? ?riti?iz? how we h?ndl? ?ur??lv??, w? ?r? l? tting g? of what ??uld have been.c. Su????? I?n’t Rewarding If It’? E???Reaching th?t ultim?t? g??l ?h?uld b? a ????i?l moment. If it wasn’t th? h?rd??t thing of ?ur liv??, th?n we didn’t ??hi?v? it.Kn?wing th?t w? did ?v?r?thing we ??uld f?r ?ur??lv?? and ?th?r? t? ??rn th?t goal ?h?uld b? m?r? r?w?rding th?n th? ??tu?l honor itself.B?hind ?v?r? successful person, th?r? i? a ?t?r? ?nd a l?ng-f?ught j?urn?? f?r him or her t? get t? where he or ?h? i? today.d. Pr?v? Others Wr?ngWhen ??m??n? ???? ??u can’t do something, show that you ??n. Read more, write m?r?, know more and w?rk h?rd?r th?n the ??r??n n?xt t? ??u.If h? ?r she runs two mil??, run three. If he ?r ?h? ???nd? four h?ur? w?rking ?n a ?r?j??t, ???nd eight. Actions speak a l?t l?ud?r th?n words, ?? in?t??d ?f complaining ?nd ?ulking ?b?ut others ??r???ti?n? of u?, make them ?h?k? on and ??it u? th?ir words.e. R?m? Wasn’t Built In a D??This is the m??t important saying t? remember wh?n giving up b???m?? a l?gitim ?t? thought. N?b?d? ??n ?r??t? ?n ?m?ir? in a d??; n? business ??n become a multi-billion-dollar v?ntur? in ?n? d??, ?nd n? idea is w?rth throwing in the g?rb?g? if ?ll the ?t??? h?v?n’t been ?ull?d ?ut ??t.There is a l?t to say about r?writing drafts in ?ur liv??, ?nd ??m?tim?? th?? n??d to b? r?vi??d ?nd edited multi?l? times b?f?r? th? fini?h?d ???? ??n be ?ubli?h?d and ??l?br?t?d. Good lu?k.

Project Management Plan For Golf Galaxy Inventory Project

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN GOVERNOR STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY PARK ILLINIOS,60484 02/15/2017 Rev Date Purpose Originator Draft 02-15-2017 First Review Mohammed Azhar Sumana Kondapaneni Syed Mukram Mohammed Hassan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Project Management Approach 2 3. Scope Of Golf Galaxy Inventory Project 2 4. List of Milestone 2 5. Change Management Plan 3 6. Communications Management Plan 3 7. Cost Management Plan 5 8. Sponsor Acceptance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 1. Executive Summary In Golf Galaxy Inventory Project, the Website of Golf Galaxy which is owned by Dick’s Sporting Goods will gives us all the details of the inventory such as goods and as well as services provided. The goods are†¦show more content†¦Proper Maintenance of the system or Database (DB) with timely and weekly updates to correct any Database (DB) issues. 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Analysis of Two Advertisements Essay - 773 Words

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This place is filled with beaches. Therefore people who like tanning and sun-bathing will love it. Neither of the advertisements contain anything in particular which may interest a child or teenager, the target audiences are mostly focused on young adults and adults. As both the holidays are on cruise, this really intends to attract people who are eager to spend their capital openly. People who like to collect souveniors from different places are also targeted. Both the advertisements contain an interesting form of language. The text contains many positive descriptive words that sound wonderful. For example for Menorca, in the highlights it tells us that it took 50 years to build this cathedral. This tells us how magnificent that cathedral will be to look at. The advertisements also contain alliterations. For example for Italy, snap up something in silver, or lap up some luscious local wines. Alliteration makes the advertisement more catchy and memorable. 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3 D Optical Storage Free Essays

string(130) " has been carried out in solving the problems associated with the optical systems required for the reading and recording of data\." 3-D OPTICAL DATA STORAGE TECHNOLOGY * *ABSTRACT 3D optical data storage is the term given to any form of optical data storage in which information can be recorded and/or read with three dimensional resolution (as opposed to the two dimensional resolution afforded, for example, by CD). Current optical data storage media, such as the CD and DVD store data as a series of reflective marks on an internal surface of a disc. In order to increase storage capacity, it is possible for discs to hold two or even more of these data layers, but their number is severely limited since the addressing laser interacts with every layer that it passes through on the way to and from the addressed layer. We will write a custom essay sample on 3 D Optical Storage or any similar topic only for you Order Now These interactions cause noise that limits the technology to approximately 10 layers. 3D optical data storage methods circumvent this issue by using addressing methods where only the specifically addressed voxel (volumetric pixel) interacts substantially with the addressing light. This necessarily involves nonlinear data reading and writing methods, in particular non linear optics. 3D optical data storage is related to (and competes with) holographic data storage. Traditional examples of holographic storage do not address in the third dimension, and are therefore not strictly â€Å"3D†, but more recently 3D holographic storage has been realized by the use of microholograms. Layer-selection multilayer technology (where a multilayer disc has layers that can be individually activated e. g. electrically) is also closely related. This innovation has the potential to provide terabyte-level mass storage on DVD-sized disks. Data recording and readback are achieved by focusing lasers within the medium. However, because of the volumetric nature of the data structure, the laser light must travel through other data points before it reaches the point where reading or recording is desired. Therefore, some kind of nonlinearity is required to ensure that these other data points do not interfere with the addressing of the desired point. 1. Overview: Current optical data storage media, such as the CD and DVD store data as a series of reflective marks on an internal surface of a disc. In order to increase storage capacity, it is possible for discs to hold two or even more f these data layers, but their number is severely limited since the addressing laser interacts with every layer that it passes through on the way to and from the addressed layer. These interactions cause noise that limits the technology to approximately 10 layers. 3D optical data storage methods circumvent this issue by using addressing methods w here only the specifically addressed voxel (volumetric pixel) interacts substantially with the addressing light. This necessarily involves nonlinear data reading and writing methods, in particular nonlinear optics. 3D optical data storage is related to (and competes with) holographic data storage. Traditional examples of holographic storage do not address in the third dimension, and are therefore not strictly â€Å"3D†, but more recently 3D holographic storage has been realized by the use of microholograms. Layer-selection multilayer technology (where a multilayer disc has layers that can be individually activated e. g. electrically) is also closely related. Schematic representation of a cross-section through a 3D optical storage disc (yellow) along a data track (orange marks). Four data layers are seen, with the laser currently addressing the third from the top. The laser passes through the first two layers and only interacts with the third, since here the light is at a high intensity. As an example, a prototypical 3D optical data storage system may use a disk that looks much like a transparent DVD. The disc contains many layers of information, each at a different depth in the media and each consisting of a DVD-like spiral track. In order to record information on the disc a laser is brought to a focus at a particular depth in the media that corresponds to a particular information layer. When the laser is turned on it causes a photochemical change in the media. As the disc spins and the read/write head moves along a radius, the layer is written just as a DVD-R is written. The depth of the focus may then be changed and another entirely different layer of information written. The distance between layers may be 5 to 100 micrometers, allowing 100 layers of information to be stored on a single disc. In order to read the data back (in this example), a similar procedure is used except this time instead of causing a photochemical change in the media the laser causes fluorescence. This is achieved e. g. by using a lower laser power or a different laser wavelength. The intensity or wavelength of the fluorescence is different depending on whether the media has been written at that point, and so by measuring the emitted light the data is read. It should be noted that the size of individual chromophore molecules or photoactive color centers is much smaller than the size of the laser focus (which is determined by the diffraction limit). The light therefore addresses a large number (possibly even 109) of molecules at any one time, so the medium acts as a homogeneous mass rather than a matrix structured by the positions of chromophores. 2. History: The origins of the field date back to the 1950s, when Yehuda Hirshberg developed the photochromic spiropyrans and suggested their use in data storage. [3] In the 1970s, Valeri Barachevskii demonstrated that this photochromism could be produced by two-photon excitation, and finally at the end of the 1980s Peter T. Rentzepis showed that this could lead to three-dimensional data storage. [5] This proof-of-concept system stimulated a great deal of research and development, and in the following decades many academic and commercial groups have worked on 3D optical data storage products and technologies. Most of the developed systems are based to some extent on the original ideas of Rentzepis. A wide range of physical phenomena for data reading and recording have been investigated, large numbers of chemical systems for the medium have been developed and evaluated, and extensive work has been carried out in solving the problems associated with the optical systems required for the reading and recording of data. You read "3 D Optical Storage" in category "Papers" Currently, several groups remain working on solutions with various levels of development and interest in commercialization. *3. Processes for creating written data*: Data recording in a 3D optical storage medium requires that a change take place in the medium upon excitation. This change is generally a photochemical reaction of some sort, although other possibilities exist. Chemical reactions that have been investigated include photoisomerizations, photodecompositions and photobleaching, and polymerization initiation. Most investigated have been photochromic compounds, which include azobenzenes, spiropyrans, stilbenes, fulgides and diarylethenes. If the photochemical change is reversible, then rewritable data storage may be achieved, at least n principle. Also, multilevel recording, where data is written in ‘grayscale’ rather than as ‘on’ and ‘off’ signals, is technically feasible. 3. 1 Writing by non*-*resonant multiphoton absorption Although there are many nonlinear optical phenomena, only multiphoton absorption is capable of injecting into the media the significant energy required to electronically excite molecular species and cause chemical reactions. Two-photon absorption is the strongest multiphoton absorbance by far, but still it is a very weak phenomenon, leading to low media sensitivity. Therefore, much research has been directed at providing chromophores with high two-photon absorption cross-sections. Two photon absorption (TPA) is the simultaneous absorption of two photons of identical or different frequencies in order to excite a molecule from one state (usually the ground state) to a higher energy electronic state. The energy difference between the involved lower and upper states of the molecule is equal to the sum of the energies of the two photons. Two-photon absorption is a second-order processes several orders of magnitude weaker than linear absorption. It differs from linear absorption in that the strength of absorption depends on the square of the light intensity, thus it is a nonlinear optical process Writing by 2-photon absorption can be achieved by focusing the writing laser on the point where the photochemical writing process is required. The wavelength of the writing laser is chosen such that it is not linearly absorbed by the medium, and therefore it does not interact with the medium except at the focal point. At the focal point 2-photon absorption becomes significant, because it is a nonlinear process dependent on the square of the laser fluence. Writing by 2-photon absorption can also be achieved by the action of two lasers in coincidence. This method is typically used to achieve the parallel writing of information at once. One laser passes through the media, defining a line or plane. The second laser is then directed at the points on that line or plane that writing is desired. The coincidence of the lasers at these points excited 2-photon absorption, leading to writing photochemistry. 3. 2 Writing by sequential multiphoton absorption Another approach to improving media sensitivity has been to employ resonant wo-photon absorption (also known as â€Å"1+1† or â€Å"sequential† 2-photon absorbance). Nonresonant two-photon absorption (as is generally used) is weak since in order for excitation to take place, the two exciting photons must arrive at the chromophore at almost exactly the same time. This is because the chromophore is unable to interact with a single photon alone. However, if the chromophore has an ene rgy level corresponding to the (weak) absorption of one photon then this may be used as a stepping stone, allowing more freedom in the arrival time of photons and therefore a much higher sensitivity. However, this approach results in a loss of nonlinearity compared to nonresonant 2-photon absorbance (since each 1-photon absorption step is essentially linear), and therefore risks compromising the 3D resolution of the system. 3. 3 Microholography In microholography, focused beams of light are used to record submicrometre-sized holograms in a photorefractive material, usually by the use of collinear beams. The writing process may use the same kinds of media that are used in other types of holographic data storage, and may use 2-photon processes to form the holograms. . 4 Data recording during manufacturing Data may also be created in the manufacturing of the media, as is the case with most optical disc formats for commercial data distribution. In this case, the user cannot write to the disc – it is a ROM format. Data may be written by a nonlinear optical method, but in this case the use of very high power lasers is acceptable so media sensitivity becomes less of an issue. The fabrication of discs containing data molded or printed into their 3D structure has also been demonstrated. For example, a disc containing data in 3D may be constructed by sandwiching together a large number of wafer-thin discs, each of which is molded or printed with a single layer of information. The resulting ROM disc can then be read using a 3D reading method. 3. 5 Other approaches to writing Other techniques for writing data in three-dimensions have also been examined, including: Persistent *spectral** **hole burning* (PSHB), which also allows the possibility of spectral multiplexing to increase data density. However, PSHB media currently requires extremely low temperatures to be maintained in order to avoid data loss. Void* formation, where microscopic bubbles are introduced into a media by high intensity laser irradiation. [7] Chromophore poling, where the laser-induced reorientation of chromophores in the media structure leads to readable changes. *4. Processes for reading data*: The reading of data from 3D optical memories has been carried out in many different ways. While some of these rely on the nonlinearity of the light-matter interaction to obtain 3D resolution, others use methods that spatially filter the media’s linear response. Reading methods include: Two photon absorption (resulting in either absorption or fluorescence). This method is essentially two-photon-microscopy. Linear excitation of fluorescence with confocal detection. This method is essentially confocal laser scanning microscopy. It offers excitation with much lower laser powers than does two-photon absorbance, but has some potential problems because the addressing light interacts with many other data points in addition to the one being addressed. Measurement of small differences in the refractive index between the two data states. This method usually employs a phase contrast microscope or confocal reflection microscope. No absorption of light is necessary, so there is no risk of damaging data while reading, but the required refractive index mismatch in the disc may limit the thickness (i. e. number of data layers) that the media can reach due to the accumulated random wavefront errors that destroy the focused spot quality. Second harmonic generation has been demonstrated as a method to read data written into a poled polymer matrix. Optical coherence tomography has also been demonstrated as a parallel reading method. *5. Media *design: The active part of 3D optical storage media is usually an organic polymer either doped or grafted with the photochemically active species. Alternatively, crystalline and sol-gel materials have been used. 5. 1 Media form factor Media for 3D optical data storage have been suggested in several form factors: Disc. A disc media offers a progression from CD/DVD, and allows reading and writing to be carried out by the familiar spinning disc method. Card. A credit card form factor media is attractive from the point of view of portability and convenience, but would be of a lower capacity than a disc. Crystal, Cube or Sphere. Several science fiction writers have suggested small solids that store massive amounts of information, and at least in principle this could be achieved with 3D optical data storage. 5. 2 Media manufacturing The simplest method of manufacturing – the molding of a disk in one piece – is a possibility for some systems. A more complex method of media manufacturing is for the media to be constructed layer by layer. This is required if the data is to be physically created during manufacture. However, layer-by-layer construction need not mean the sandwiching of many layers together. Another alternative is to create the medium in a form analogous to a roll of adhesive tape. *6. Drive design*: A drive designed to read and write to 3D optical data storage media may have a lot in common with CD/DVD drives, particularly if the form factor and data structure of the media is similar to that of CD or DVD. However, there are a number of notable differences that must be taken into account when designing such a drive, including: Laser. Particularly when 2-photon absorption is utilized, high-powered lasers may be required that can be bulky, difficult to cool, and pose safety concerns. Existing optical drives utilize continuous wave diode lasers operating at 780 nm, 658 nm, or 405 nm. 3D optical storage drives may require solid-state lasers or pulsed lasers, and several examples use wavelengths easily available by these technologies, such as 532 nm (green). These larger lasers can be difficult to integrate into the read/write head of the optical drive. Variable spherical aberration correction. Because the system must address different depths in the medium, and at different depths the spherical aberration induced in the wavefront is different, a method is required to dynamically account for these differences. Many possible methods exist that include optical elements that swap in and out of the optical path, moving elements, adaptive optics, and immersion lenses. Optical system. In many examples of 3D optical data storage systems, several wavelengths (colors) of light are used (e. g. eading laser, writing laser, signal; sometimes even two lasers are required just for writing). Therefore, as well as coping with the high laser power and variable spherical aberration, the optical system must combine and separate these different colors of light as required. Detection. In DVD drives, the signal produced from the disc is a reflection of the addressing laser beam, and is therefore very intense. For 3D optical storage however, the signal mus t be generated within the tiny volume that is addressed, and therefore it is much weaker than the laser light. In addition, fluorescence is radiated in all directions from the addressed point, so special light collection optics must be used to maximize the signal. Data tracking. Once they are identified along the z-axis, individual layers of DVD-like data may be accessed and tracked in similar ways to DVD discs. The possibility of using parallel or page-based addressing has also been demonstrated. This allows much faster data transfer rates, but requires the additional complexity of spatial light modulators, signal imaging, more powerful lasers, and more complex data handling. *7. Development issues*: Despite the highly attractive nature of 3D optical data storage, the development of commercial products has taken a significant length of time. This results from limited financial backing in the field, as well as technical issues, including: Destructive reading. Since both the reading and the writing of data are carried out with laser beams, there is a potential for the reading process to cause a small amount of writing. In this case, the repeated reading of data may eventually serve to erase it (this also happens in phase change materials used in some DVDs). This issue has been addressed by many approaches, such as the use of different absorption bands for each process (reading and writing), or the use of a reading method that does not involve the absorption of energy. Thermodynamic stability. Many chemical reactions that appear not to take place in fact happen very slowly. In addition, many reactions that appear to have happened can slowly reverse themselves. Since most 3D media are based on chemical reactions, there is therefore a risk that either the unwritten points will slowly become written or that the written points will slowly revert to being unwritten. This issue is particularly serious for the spiropyrans, but extensive research was conducted to find more stable chromophores for 3D memories. Media sensitivity. 2-photon absorption is a weak phenomenon, and therefore high power lasers are usually required to produce it. Researchers typically use Ti-sapphire lasers or Nd:YAG lasers to achieve excitation, but these instruments are not suitable for use in consumer products. *8. Academic development*: Much of the development of 3D optical data storage has been carried out in universities. The groups that have provided valuable input include: Peter T. Rentzepis was the originator of this field, and has recently developed materials free from destructive readout. *Watt W. Webb* co developed the two-photon microscope in Bell Labs, and showed 3D recording on photorefractive media. Masahiro Irie developed the diarylethene family of photochromic materials. [13] Yoshimasa Kawata, *Satoshi Kawata* and Zouheir Sekkat have developed and worked on several optical data manipulation systems, in particular involving poled polymer systems. 14] Kevin C Belfield is developing photochemical systems for 3D optical data storage by the use of resonance energy transfer between molecules, and also develops high 2-photon cross-section materials. Seth Marder performed much of the early work developing logical approaches to the molecular design of high 2-photon cross-section chromophores. Tom Milster has made many contributions to the theory of 3D optical data storage. Robert McLeod has examine d the use of microholograms for 3D optical data storage. Min Gu has examined confocal readout and methods for its enhancement. 9 Commercial development*: In addition to the academic research, several companies have been set up to commercialize 3D optical data storage and some large corporations have also shown an interest in the technology. However, it is not yet clear whether the technology will ever come to market in the presence of competition from other quarters such as hard drives, flash storage, holographic storage and internet-based storage. Examples of 3D optical data storage media. Top row – Written Call/Recall media; Mempile media. Middle row – FMD; D-Data DMD and drive. Bottom row – Landauer media; Microholas media in action. Call/Recall was founded in 1987 on the basis of Peter Rentzepis’ research. Using 2-photon recording (at 25 Mbit/s with 6. 5 ps, 7 nJ, 532 nm pulses), 1-photon readout (with 635 nm), and a high NA (1. 0) immersion lens, they have stored 1 TB as 200 layers in a 1. 2 mm thick disk. [23] They aim to improve capacity to 5 TB and data rates to up to 250 Mbit/s within a year, by developing new materials as well as high-powered pulsed blue laser diodes. Mempile are developing a commercial system with the name TeraDisc. In March 2007, they demonstrated the recording and readback of 100 layers of information on a 0. mm thick disc, as well as low crosstalk, high sensitivity, and thermodynamic stability. [25] They intend to release a red-laser 0. 6-1. 0 TB consumer product in 2010, and have a roadmap to a 5 TB blue-laser product. [26] *Constellation 3D* developed the Fluorescent Multilayer Disc at the end of the 1990s, which was a ROM disk, manufactured layer by layer. The company failed in 2002, but the intellectual property (IP) was acquired by D-Data Inc. who are attempting to introduce it as the Digital Multilayer Disk (DMD). Storex Technologies has been set up to develop 3D media based on fluorescent photosensitive glasses and glass-ceramic materials. The technology derives from the patents of the Romanian scientist Eugen Pavel, who is also the founder and CEO of the company. First results, 40 nm marks recorded into 3D virtual layers separated by 700 nm, were presented in October 2009 at the ISOM2009 conference. Landauer inc. are developing a media based on resonant 2-photon absorption in a sapphire single crystal substrate. In May 2007, they showed the recording of 20 layers of data using 2 nJ of laser energy (405 nm) for each mark. The reading rate is limited to 10 Mbit/s because of the fluorescence lifetime. Colossal Storage aim to develop a 3D holographic optical storage technology based on photon induced electric field poling using a far UV laser to obtain large improvements over current data capacity and transfer rates, but as yet they have not presented any experimental research or feasibility study. Microholas operates out of the University of Berlin, under the leadership of Prof Susanna Orlic, and has achieved the recording of up to 75 layers of microholographic data, separated by 4. micrometres, and suggesting a data density of 10 GB per layer. [33] 3DCD Technology Pty. Ltd. is a university spin-off set up to develop 3D optical storage technology based on materials identified by Daniel Day and Min Gu. Several large technology companies such as Fuji, Ricoh and Matsushita have applied for patents on 2-photon-responsive materials for applications including 3D optical data storage, however they have not giv en any indication that they are developing full data storage solutions. How to cite 3 D Optical Storage, Papers

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay Example For Students

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay The short story Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the story of a man, Goodman Brown, who comes to find out that the people he surrounds himself with are not perfect. During a journey testing his faith, a traveler, the devil, is able to use Browns naivet against him. After the devil has his way with Goodman Browns mind, Brown is never again able to trust even his wife, who is aptly named Faith, let alone anyone else. Browns view on humanity thereon is one of deceit. The story is heavy in symbolism; and the major symbols of this story are Goodman Brown himself, his wife Faith and her pink ribbons, the traveler he meets, and the journey he takes. We will write a custom essay on Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Goodman Browns name plays as a symbol in the story. His name Goodman means Gentleman during that time period, and he is symbolic to mankind(Korb 2; Robinson 3). In spite of his name, there is no proof that Goodman Brown was ever a good person at all(Mathews 2). Throughout his whole journey into the forest, he never makes the argument that he should stop because it is morally wrong. Hawthorne provides many suggestions that indicate Brown has been looking for a way of justifying his participation, rationalizing that everyone else has done likewise(Matheson 4). Brown most likely only resists during the ceremony because he realizes that his sins will be exposed. Young Goodman Browns wifes name is Faith, and she has pink ribbons in her hair that are used as symbols throughout the story. The name Faith is symbolic of Browns lost hope(Mathews 2). When the pink ribbon falls from the sky, he cries My Faith is gone(Hawthorne 38). Brown talks about how much faith he has, but as James Mathews points out: The insubstantiality for Browns religious faith manifests itself in the pink ribbons of his wifes cap; their texture is aerie and their color the pastel of infancy.(2)As Goodman Brown is about to leave for his journey, the exchange between Faith and himself foreshadows the outcome of the journey. As he travels through the forest he knows he should go back to his faith and Faith but his fascination with evil compels him to go on. Brown is bewildered as he comes upon Faith at the ceremony. Sheildon Liebman says, He calls on Faith to refuse Communion because he is as afraid of revealing his own evil as he is of seeing hers(7). Finding his wife at the m eeting and still believing what is going on shows that he is capable of believing anything that is thrown his way. If he can believe that his wife can have this secret presence of evil inside her, there is no hope for anyone else to gain his trust. Brown tells himself that the Devil will not take hold of his faith although he has to keep reassuring himself. The traveler is symbolic of the devil and Goodman Browns dark side(Walsh 4). As Brown approaches the traveler he finds him very familiar. It is almost as if he is a relative or even his own father. He carries a twisted staff that looks like a snake and almost seems to move in his hand(Liebman 3). All of the branches the traveler touches wilt and die. It is suggested by the traveler that even Browns father and grandfather are a part of the devils party, and he makes Brown meet people he has seen and knows at the ceremony. Thomas Walsh says, Doubts about his ancestors spread until Goody Cloyse, Deacon Gookion, the Parson, and finally Faith herself fall victims to his diseased mind(4). .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .postImageUrl , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:hover , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:visited , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:active { border:0!important; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:active , .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76 .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ace26bdd7819962d670558318d16a76:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Process Structure And Function Process Organization In Computer Architecture EssayWhen the traveler takes Brown on his journey, Brown sees his journey as an errand or work(Keil 7). He leaves his wife after she asks him not to go, and says thinking out loud, After this one night, Ill cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven(Hawthorn 377). Taking the dark dreary road into the forest symbolizes his act of plunging into the road leading to despair(Walsh 3). The move into darkness gives the feeling of upcoming danger. The journey begins at dusk continuing on into an increasingly darker and more shadowy world. The farther he gets away from his wife, the more he loses faith(2 ). During the trip Brown must decide for himself whether people are basically good, evil, or both, and his journey into the wood parallels his journey into his soul(2). As he gets farther into his ideas of evil, his visions become more substantial. Rena Korb describes his walk into the forest as, He continues his journey toward the black mass which symbolizes his descent into Hell(2). Brown leads himself down his journey through his own curiosity. It destroyed Browns ability to trust anyone ever again including his wife. His fear of his own flaws and the flaws of his wife drive him to his damnation. The devil uses Browns lack of faith, especially in his wife, against him, and Brown is so drawn in by the devil he does not take heed when he sees what is done to the branches of the trees and to the staff the devil is carrying. Hawthorne uses very strong symbols in Young Goodman Brown to prove that when Brown lost his faith in his own religion he has lost faith in his ideals of humanity also. Bibliography:Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Literature: AnIntroduction to Reading and Writing. 5th ed. Eds. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle Riva: Prentice Hall, 1988. 376-385. Keil, James C. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown: EarlyNineteenth-century and Puritan Constructions of Gender. The new England Quartile, LXIX.1(March 1996): 33-55. Reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Vol. 29. Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000Korb, Rena. An Overview of Young Goodman Brown, ShortStories for Students, Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000 Liebman, Sheildon W. The Reader in Young Goodman Brown,in The Nathaniel Hawthorne Journal (1975):156-69. Reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000 Matheson, Terence J. Young Goodman Brown: HawthorneCondemnation of Conformity, in The Nathaniel Hawthorne Journal 1978, Edited by C. E. Frazer Clark, Jr., Gale Research Company, (1984): 137-45. Reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Vol. 29. Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000 Mathews, James W. Antinomianism in Young Goodman Brown,in Studies in Short Fiction, Vol. III.1, (Fall 1965): 73-5. Reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Vol. 29. Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000 Robinson, E. Arthur, The Vision of Goodman Brown: A Sourceand Interpretation, in American Literature, XXXV.2 (May, 1963): 218-25. Reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Vol. 29. Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000 Walsh, Thomas F. Jr. The Bedeviling of Young Goodman Brown, in Modern Language Quarterly XIX.4 (December 1958): 331-36. Excerpted and reprinted in Short Story Criticism, Vol. 29. Literature Resource Center. The Gale Group. 9 July 2000