Sir Tim Berners Lee The Inventor Of The World Wide Web...

Sir Tim Berners-Lee was born June 8th, 1955 in London, England and was one of the four children to Mary Lee Woods and Conway Berners-Lee. Tim Berners-Lee is known and credited as the inventor of the World Wide Web. Both of Tim Berners-Lee’s â€Å"parents worked on the first commercially-built computer† the Ferranti Mark I, which helped influence him into studying mathematics and science growing up as a child (Tim Berners-Lee Biography, n.d.). Tim attended Sheen Mount Primary School and then went on to study at Emanuel School in London, England. He then later went on to graduate in 1976 from Queen’s College of the University of Oxford with a first-class degree in physics. Soon after graduation, he received employment at a printing firm â€Å"Plessey Telecommunications Ltd., located in Poole, Dorset, England† (Dennis, 2014). He then eventually met his first wife Jane Northcote a fellow programmer who also studied at Oxford University. However, this relations hip ended soon after. He then eventually left Plessey Telecommunications Ltd. and went on to work at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, also known as CERN in Switzerland as a consultant software engineer where he built the first prototype of a hypertext program called ‘ENQUIRE’. In July 1990 Tim Berners-Lee married his second wife Nancy Carlson, who was an American computer programmer who he met while working at CERN. Together Berners-Lee and Carlson had two children together. Again, this marriage did not last long andShow MoreRelatedComputers And The World Wide Web Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same purpose is the World Wide Web, more commonly referred to as the Web or the web. Similar to the development of computers, the World Wide Web was not created overnight, but took time, effort, and brainpower to invent. We can credit this fascinating invention that connects everyone in the world to British physicist and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Sir Tim Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London, England to Mary Lee Wood and Conway Berners-Lee. Mary Lee and Conway met while theyRead MoreThe world wide web1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe World Wide Web â€Å"The Web does not just connect machines, it connects people† (Tim Berners-Lee). Tim Berners-Lee wanted to create a way for physicists to communicate information easily between one another. He ended up creating one of the most highly used pieces of software on the internet today and an incredibly versatile way of sharing information globally. The Web had become such a big part of our everyday lives that a lot of us would not know what to do without it. Some people do not fully understandRead More‘Privacy and a Digital Bill of Rights?’1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe world as we know is moving towards a more digital life style, where nearly everything that we own has some sort of electronic component built in it and is able to connect to the Internet. Users are able to browse the web, shop online for their favourite items from stores around the world and post a status update from any of their devices anywhere any time twenty-four hours, seven days a week. On an estimate in just 60 seconds we transmit nearly 640 terabytes of IP data. A major contributor toRead MoreThe Biography Of Wi Fi Signals1687 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world of IT, there are many pioneers that helped contribute to the way we use technology today, from early ideas of what a computer could be way before one was actually made, to the inventor of Wi-Fi signals. In this report I will be discussing 6 of them and evaluating which is the ‘top pioneer’. Firstly, Augusta Ada King-Noel, known as the Countess of Lovelace was an English Mathematician and writer during the 19th century. Born in London on the 10th December 1815, she was the only ‘true’Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Library2199 Words   |  9 PagesData which works as the framework behind the Semantic Web, an idea developed by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of World Wide Web, aims at revolving the Internet into one large database instead of simply distinct collection of data. Today, where internet has been the first choice for the users to look for information, libraries should seize the advantage of the concept behind Linked Data. By attempting to make their resources available on the web, libraries can bring back their users because of theRead MoreApple - Design Thinking and Innovation at Apple7835 Words   |  32 Pagestime, th tomers. And, ter business. new busines uccess puzzle ional busines ________________ a Feinberg prepare on. Cases are not in ege. To order copi 02163, or go to ww nsmitted, without t Innova after the dra d hovered fo cts as world e epression. Wit billion, Apple lue of Sony C more amazin ce had hovere rom the firm s nearly writte development s been consid 10, it had fu ts sleek prod d tablet comp ome of the h he iPhone had Apple’s radi then picked u was theRead MoreScience and Technology13908 Words   |  56 PagesChildren of the World and 2005-2014 as the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Not only should young people benefit from these global initiatives, but they should be empowered to play a leading role in them. Each year, the essay contest adopts a theme relevant to building a Culture of Peace and a sustainable future, such as Respect for life, Caring for our planet, Learning to live together, and The role of media and ICT in building a peaceful world. The theme

Marketing Strategy The Jta s Marketing Plan - 1186 Words

Marketing Strategy The JTA’s marketing plan is to increase the choice riders, the millennials, and the aging baby boomers by 15% during the next year. The actual JTA’s strategy marketing plan to attract and retain choice riders and millennials is the followings: †¢ Improve the on-time performance and the frequency of service. †¢ Keep buses clean, safe, and well maintained. †¢ Adding ecofriendly and hybrid buses to the fleet. †¢ Introducing bikes on the Skyway †¢ Improve transit accessibility with new shelters on high frequency corridors †¢ Provide better, more timely and easy accessible information about JTA services through real time-information system †¢ Explore and develop niche markets through services like the Beaches, Downtown, and Riverside Trolleys †¢ Develop next generation of discretionary transit riders through efforts like the Magnet School Bus Program. Mission .The JTA’s is to improve the economy of the city by providing for the customers a safe and efficient multimodal transportation services. Marketing Objectives. This marketing objective will consist to increase choice riders and millennials by 15 % during 2 years. It will consist to retain and regain these target markets. It will have for objective to attract choice riders from the Magnet School Program and the different universities of the city. Financial Objectives. An increase of ridership will automatically increase the revenue. This strategy will improve the economy of Jacksonville. This gain will generateShow MoreRelatedMarketing Pl Essential Barbershop2613 Words   |  11 Pages ESSENTIALS BARBERSHOP Marketing Plan â€Æ' Essential Barbershop Marketing Plan Contents I. Executive Summary 2 1.1 Mission Statement 2 II. Situation Analysis 2 2.1 Market Needs 2 2.2 SWOT Analysis 3 2.2 Competition 4 III. Market Customer analysis 5 3.1 Market Analysis 5 3.2 Customer Analysis 5 IV. Marketing Strategy 6 4.1 Objectives/Goals 6 4.2 Target Marketing 6 4.3 Advertising Promotion 7 4.1 Product Service Analysis 7 V. Financial Projections 8 5.1 Marketing Budget 8 5.2 Expense and

Life Cycle Analysis of Aviation Products Free Essays

INTRUDUCTION It is very easy to question a nation for its decision to retire seemingly useful aircraft, but there are many economic factors that need to be taken into account.  We often hear about how much it costs to buy any particular model of plane, but people often underestimate just how expensive it is to operate and maintain aircraft. Not only do you have to consider the direct costs of flying the plane (pilot pay, fuel, and other consumables), but also the costs of pilot training, the costs of parts and labor to perform routine maintenance, the costs of training ground crew to perform that maintenance, the costs of obtaining and maintaining support equipment needed to service the planes, and the costs of the facilities needed to perform this service and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle Analysis of Aviation Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now We often lump all these factors together into the â€Å"life-cycle cost† of an airplane. GENERAL DISCUSION Life Cycle Cost is extremely important when determining whether to retain or replace aircraft, acquire new or used aircraft, and in evaluating the total economics of competing aircraft whether purchasing, financing, or leasing. With this program you can predict Cash Flows and Net Present Values and compare different forms of ownership. As aircraft have become increasingly complex, the life-cycle costs associated with maintaining sophisticated equipment and training crew to operate and service that equipment have grown substantially. For this reason, we see a trend in militaries around the world to standardize on as few types of aircraft as possible. By operating only a couple types of planes, a military can consolidate its training and servicing activities thereby minimizing the amount of money needed for aircraft operations and maintenance. This motivation is likely a major factor in the business decision to eliminate their old aircraft. The business can instead focus its maintenance and training budgets on a few designs, which tend to share much in common, as opposed to siphoning off a large chuck of that money to support a completely different design. Understanding and modeling factors related to learning, economics, marketing, risks, and uncertainty can enable designers to design more cost-effective systems. The importance of developing comprehensive life cycle cost models cannot be over emphasized with reference to affordable systems. Particular areas of concern include production cost, estimating, organizational learning, pricing and marketing, sub-contracting production, and predicting competitors’ cost. In addition to the component of the cost estimation, usually the focal point of most cost models, accurate modeling of all factors related to the production, operations, and support is necessary to generate calibrated life cycle cost profiles. Basic engineering economics can be used for determining price once the cost has been estimated. Interest formulas are available for predicting rates of return and other indicators of profitability. However the complex models used for life cycle cost prediction must utilize algorithm for stimulating additional factors as organizational learning and manufacturing processes. The three primary component f the system life cycle are non recurring costs, recurring costs, and operations and support costs. According to Apgar, H. (1993) there are two principal objectives for an life cycle cost trade study as the identification of the design and production process alternatives which meet minimum performance requirements; both at the lowest average unit production cost, and   at the lowest operation and support cost per operating hour. A full range of cost models exists today, from detailed part-level models, based on direct engineering and manufacturing standard factors, to conceptual design level life cycle models. While most of the conceptual design level models are parametric and weight/complexity-based, much research is being conducted to develop feature-, activity-, and/or process-based models. Many of the detailed models use measured data from the shop floor for the regression analysis and algorithm development. At the other end of the spectrum are the top-level, parametric cost estimating models for life cycle estimates. Few models exist between the two ends of the modeling spectrum; no suitable methods have been demonstrated for a model that accepts multifidelity data from multiple levels of product analysis within an integrated design environment. Detailed estimates of direct materials and hours used for fabrication and assembly of the aircraft major structural components (accommodating the many and varied material types; product forms such as sheets, extrusions, fabrics, etc.; and construction types utilized in advanced technology aircraft structures) will replace the weight/complexity-based algorithm for estimating the aircraft cost in the top-level, parametric life cycle cost model. These differentials in the aircraft cost estimates due to fabrication and assembly alternatives will propagate via the system roll up cost through the life cycle for production, operation, and support for the entire system. With such a tool/model, the designer will be able to determine sensitivities in the top-down life cycle cost model to changes or alternatives evaluated in the bottom-up cost model. It will be possible to calculate sensitivities and design for robustness with the life cycle cost model due to perturbations of some factors such as entities external to the manufacturer; functions internal to the manufacturer, but external to manufacturing; and processes internal to the manufacturer. The manufacturer cannot control certain factors external to the enterprise. For instance, the number of aircraft ordered, the times of the orders and the corresponding payment schedule, interest rates, and projected inflation rates are not variables over which the manufacturer has complete control. The monthly or annual production rates; sub-contracting decisions; learning curve effects; and manufacturing, and sustaining costs are factors that are internal to the enterprise, but can be categorized in a higher level than the actual material purchasing, processing, fabrication, and assembly. The sequences of activities and processes used for fabrication and assembly are assumed to be internally controlled by the manufacturer. The lowest level of the life cycle cost model consists of the cost estimation for the aircraft, based upon the direct engineering and manufacturing estimates for its major structural components. The highest level includes determination and distribution of the non-recurring and recurring production costs, as well as the operations and support costs over the entire life cycle of the aircraft. According to Febrycky, W.J., and Blanchard, B.S. (1991) that a through understanding of certain economic theories must be achieved before any reasonable life cycle cost analysis can be undertaken. Alternative instruments can be compared against each other or a fair basis only if their respective benefits and costs are converted to an equivalent economic base, with appropriate consideration for the time value of money. Three factors are involved when determining the economic equivalence of sums of money. They are the amounts of the sums, the times of occurrence of the sums, and the interest rate. Interest formulas are functions of all three. These functions are used for calculating the amounts occurring at different periods of time. The life cycle cost analysis of aircraft comprises the following capabilities. The unit production costs are estimated with a series of experimental equations for generating airframe component manufacturing costs for specific classes of aircraft. According to Lee, P. (1994) that a theoretical First Unit Cost is generated by summing the respective component costs of the airframe, propulsion, avionics and instrumentation, and final assembly. Most of the structural component cost equations are weight-based. Engine costs are based on the thrust, the quantity produced, and the cruise Mach number. Alternatively, the actual price/cost of the engine can be specified as input parameters. Another series of exponential equations is used to calculate the production costs based upon the total number of vehicles produced. The average unit airplane costs, either including or excluding airframe and engine spares, are also calculated. A comparison of the average aircraft manufacturing costs versus the quantity of aircraft produced is provided. The elements of the total vehicle cost can be reduced with user-specified learning curves for the airframe, avionics, propulsion, assembly, and fixed equipment. For a specified production rate, ship set, and average aircraft selling prices, the manufacturer’s cumulative and annual cash flows are calculated. The annual and cumulative aircraft deliveries are calculated first, based upon an input production rate schedule. The manufacturing cost is the sum of the production costs of all operational vehicles produced each year. The cost to manufacture one vehicle includes airframe cost, propulsion cost, avionics and instrumentation cost, and the cost of final assembly. The manufacturer’s sustaining costs are the total production costs minus the cost of the operational vehicles and the manufacturer’s profit fee. Ten elements constitute the total sustaining costs: airframe and engine spares, facilities, sustaining engineering, sustaining tooling, ground support equipment, training equipment, initial training, and initial equipment. The sustaining costs are distributed equally for each aircraft over the same months in which each aircrafts manufacturing costs are distributed. CONCLUSION There is normally a conflict between cost-effective choices and affordable choices for alternative designs. Today, the desire for cost-effectiveness is often sacrificed to the practical considerations of the available funding with the development of more complexes and comprehensive life cycle cost modes that can accept and process multifidelity data within an integrated design environment, it will be possible to better calculate the cost-effectiveness and affordability of future systems. Then it may be possible to have a system that is ultimately cost-effective, yet still affordable. REFERENCE Apgar, H. (1993). Design-to-Life-Cycle-Cost in Aerospace, Aerospace Design Conference, Irvine CA. Febrycky, W.J., and Blanchard, B.S. (1991). Life-Cycle Cost and Economic Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Lee, P. (1994). A Process Oriented Parametric Cost Model, Aerospace Design Conference, Irvine CA. How to cite Life Cycle Analysis of Aviation Products, Essay examples

Pricing in the Clothing Industry for Demand - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePricing in the Clothing Industry for Demand and Supply. Answer: Factors Affecting the demand and Supply of Clothing in Australia Introduction The clothing industry is a very competitive industry in the whole world. Both domestic and international competitors facilitate the increased supply for clothings in Australia. The international competition has been so fierce and has led to increased innovation in this industry (Truett and Truett, 2017). This industry is so large and raises an annual revenue of over $19 billion; the number of people employed in the clothing industry are so many. According to Ibisworld.com.au (2017), the annual percentage growth of this industry from 2012 to 2017 is 3.9%. The clothing retailing entails the purchase of accessories and apparel products directly from a manufacture of from other wholesalers and selling them to the consumers without making any special alteration. The retailers sell in many shops of which some are operated on an online platform. Some of them offer special service such that a product purchased online can be home-delivered. Some of the industrys products include; infants clot hing, womens clothing, mens clothing, boys clothing, girls clothing and accessories. Analysis The supply and demand for clothing is influenced by the number and size of suppliers and the number of sellers among other factors. Price influences both supply and demand and the interaction reads to establishment of an equilibrium point (Daniel and VanHoose, 2014). This is mostly the case for competitive markets like the clothing industry. The falling are the non-price factors affecting both demand and supply. Factors Influencing Demand Demand influencing factors include; consumer preferences; demand for an item that is more preferred rises, availability of goods sold on credit; many consumers have no ready incomes are if the goods are available on credit, they raise demand and pay in the future, the consumers income level; the higher the income level the higher the demand and vice versa, increased population growth; this increases the number of buyers and thus demand rises, the price for substitutes; a low price for substitutes lowers the demand for the item. Fig: Movement in the demand curve If price is the influencing factor, movement is along the demand curve, but if its due to non-price factor, the demand curve shifts either to the left or to the right (Gillespie, 2013). Factors Influencing Supply Welch and Welch (2016) noted that some of the factors influencing supply include costs of production; an increased cost of production as is the case for Australian manufactures results in a reduced supply of the items produced. The Australian governments corporate tax bracket for the manufactures is very high and is making it more costly to produce more items and this is driving out the Australian clothing industry given the external competition (Low, 2017). The other factor is future market expectations; an expectation of reduced future consumers income may cause supply for certain goods to fall. Other profitable ventures may also influence supply; a supplier may shift to the more profitable venture and interrupt the initial supply. Lastly, the number of sellers, the more the number of sellers the higher the supply and vice versa. Fig: Movement in the demand curve If price is the influencing factor, movement is along the supply curve, but if its due to non-price factor, the supply curve shifts either to the left or to the right. Elasticity of Clothing Demand to Price Changes The demand for clothing is elastic to price changes. People may take time before they demand some new clothing as the initially owned clothes may take time before they become torn and old fashioned. A cloth is something that purchase cannot be made on a daily basis. The demand being elastic means that it is sensitive to the price changes. At a very low price, consumers are interested in purchasing more clothing; but when the price is high, the consumers skip purchasing the goods. For this reason, it is not easy for a retailer to fix his/her price at a very high level unless there is a certain trending fashion that is on demand by the middle income people. The only strategy that can allow retailers to charge the highest price from the clothing industry is through price discrimination where the prices charged are dependent on the location. Fig (a): Elastic demand (low income) Fig (a): Inelastic demand (High income) A small price change in fig (a) causes demand to change by a big proportion whereas a big change in price in fig (b) causes demand to fall by a small proportion (James, Burrow and Kleindl, 2011). Conclusion The clothing industry should understand the market they operate in and choose the right pricing strategies. They can do this by doing a research on the income level of the potential customers. Price discrimination is a good pricing strategy in the clothing market. The demand for clothing in a place flocked by high-income earners is inelastic and thus price is not a factor they consider when making their purchases; all they are interested in is the quality and the fashion. This explains why a certain brand of clothing is sold at a very high price in the urban areas, whereas the same brand sells at a low price in the rural areas. References Ibisworld.com.au. (2017). Clothing Retailing in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/retail-trade/other-store-based-retailing/clothing-retailing.html [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Daniel, J. and VanHoose, D. (2014). Global Economic Issues and Policies (3rd Ed). Routledge. Gillespie, A. (2013). Business economics. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. James, L., Burrow, J. and Kleindl, B. (2011). Principles of Business (8th Ed). Cengage Learning. Low, C. (2017). How the global giants are squeezing out Australian fashion. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/stitched-up-how-the-global-giants-are-squeezing-out-australian-fashion-20170209-gu9arc.html [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Truett, L. and Truett, D. (2017). Cost relationships and globalization in the Australian clothing industry. [Online] Taylor Francis. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036846.2017.1287864?journalCode=raec20 [Accessed 29 Aug. 2017]. Welch, J. and Welch, F. (2016). Economics: Theory practice (11th Ed). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Free Speech Essays - Journalism Sourcing, , Term Papers

Free Speech The first amendment to the constitution guarantees the right of free speech and of the press. Unfortunately, some individuals have used this right to protect themselves from litigation when they produce material that is pornographic, hateful or when they use ethically questionable methods when reporting a story. The government has attempted to intervene through passing laws and imposing regulations. The problem with placing restrictions on free speech is that the question of who will decide what is appropriate and what is not will inevitably be raised. There are two positions when debating this issue : 1) protect free speech even though some people abuse it or 2) freedom of speech does not outweigh the need for ethical principles. Two of the ethical dilemmas facing the media today are the conflicts of freedom of the press versus individual rights, and the right of the press to refuse to reveal their sources. The media has often claimed that the public has a right to know but they do not limit that right to know to a certain area of public concern. Reporters have written stories on the sexual lives of movie stars claiming public interest but simply because the public is curious does not mean they have a right to know. Certainly, most people would not want their entire life story being printed as public knowledge and subject to ridicule. The issue of privacy was brought to the forefront by the untimely demise of Princess Diana. She was being chased by reporters who had been following her all night when she was involved in the car accident that killed her. Many people then criticized the press who had been following her all night. Does the media have the right to follow and harass people simply on the basis that they are public figures or do public figures deserve to have a private life? The issue of revealing sources has been debated for years, particularly after the Watergate scandal of the seventies. Recently an issue regarding the confidentiality of a source arose but for a different reason. Dan Cohen is sued two newspapers for breach of contract because they promised him confidentiality when he provided them with information. After they had received the information the newspapers decided that the information reflected more on Cohen and proceeded to print the information with Cohen's name. Cohen won the suit but the damage to his reputation was already done. Those are only two of the many issues involved in free speech. Ethical restraint would set guidelines for journalists and protect individual rights. The first issue would be to set objective and universal guidelines so that there would be no debate over who sets the ethical code. The problem would be enforcing these guidelines. The Radio Television News Directors Association and the Society of Professional Journalists both have ethical codes, which include respecting those whom you are reporting about and keeping confidentiality. Those ethical standards are not enforced and so some do not follow them. Some people believe in free speech at all costs. Free speech without restraint causes public outcry and violates people's civil rights like their right to privacy. The difficulty is that people see any form of restraint as censorship and then claim that the government will begin running our lives and making our decisions. If the ethical standards agreed upon were universal they would satisfy everyone and if the journalists would follow them there would be no need for government intervention. Using the example of Dan Cohen's issue of confidentiality the ethics of the reporters involved can be analyzed. The act of printing his name, in and of itself, was not wrong. The intention of the journalists was to inform the public since Cohen was associated with a politician who was running for governor and the information Cohen had was on the opposing candidate. The circumstances were the gubernatorial race was in its final days. The reporters had the right to accept and publish the information since it was public record and did not violate the rights of the opposing candidate. They exercised their right to free speech and of the press in that respect. The ethical issue was whether the reporters violated Cohen's rights when they broke their promise of confidentiality and printed his name with the article. The question then would be should they have printed his name? Following Aristotle's ethical theory of the golden mean, the journalists were wrong. The extreme one side would have been to print his name while the extreme on the other side would

Energy and Nutrition essays

Energy and Nutrition essays Being a young adult can be overwhelming and exciting. Every one says that young adults dont care about health, heart attacks, cancer or dying-only about hair, nails, weight and cloths. Young adults dont care to learn about nutrition. They think everyone is against them, even nature seemed to be plotting against them at that age and endowed them stringy hair or bad breath. Fatigue or crabbiness for no reason seemed to be almost daily events and their parents and counselors told them it was hormones or just a stage, but no explanation made them feel any better. You may have noticed that some of your friends are sailing through these years with a minimum of anxiety, pain or depression. Which suggests that feeling good may be normal. Many of the conditions that your teenagers have are controllable with diet and nutrition has much to do with them. It is important for you to consider what you are eating now. Once you begin to learn a little bit about nutrition you will see that the way you feel and look is not entirely up to fait. If your body looks and feels good thats a way of telling that youre taking good care of your self. If you could look or feel better chances are that there are changes you can make, looking bad is just your bodys way of saying listen you need some help. Some young adults problems are due to hereditary or physiatrist or they can be due to nutrition deficit. Most are a combination but a good diet can allow ignoring the stress of ones life. ALLERGIES Food allergies are hard to diagnose but are frequent illness usually indicate immune- system weakness, which are based on food sensitivities. The most common food allergy is to dairy products. It takes three weeks to get all the dairy products out of the system. If the dairy were your enemy you would begin to notice a clear head and open respitory passages in that time. Many find that fatigue lifts cheeks become pink, dark circles under the ey...

The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal Essay - 2

The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal - Essay Example The sale and use of cigarettes should be made illegal. Tobacco is a dangerous and addictive substance that causes major health problems to its users. Lung cancer increases the risk of lung cancer by 23 times in men and 13 times in women (Cdc, 2012). It also causes 10 other cancers including bladder kidney, and pancreatic cancer. Smoking decreases men’s sperm count and it causes infertility. The regular use of cigarettes is a risk factor that increases the chance of coronary disease. There is empirical proof that states that half of all regular smokers will die from its use. This fact implies that nearly 650 million people or 9.28% of the population will die from smoking. Cigarette smoking is even more dangerous among teenagers and pregnant women. Cigarette smoking is an epidemic that is hurting the youth in America. It is estimated that approximately 80% of all smokers begin to smoke cigarettes before the age of 18. The health dangers of smoking are greater for teenagers because their bodies are still developing. The incidence of teen smoking in the U.S. is extremely high as 30% of high school students are cigarette smokers (Cavnett, 2010). One of the reasons smoking is so dangerous among teenagers is because it causes oxygen deprivation. â€Å"Oxygen deprivation can damage and kill brain cells that are not replaced or repaired later in life† (Cavnett, 2010). Since the brains of teenagers are still developing smoking can inhibit the developmental process due to damage to brain cells. Pregnant women that smoke are irresponsible and are endangering an innocent life that is supposed to be protected by its mother. Smoking among pregnant women is a serious problem that deserves the immediate attention of our society. â€Å"Nearly one-quarter of all pregnant women in the United States are smokers, with more than half refusing to quit during their pregnancy† (Mozes, 2012). Making

Full case study in Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012)Principles

Full in Jobber, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012)Principles and Practice of Marketing(7thed). London, McGraw-Hil - Case Study Example This would reveal the extent to which the company followed the formal process of marketing planning. Dixons was a product oriented company when it stated its journey in electrical retail segment. Their followed the strategy â€Å"stack-em high – sell-em cheap in brightly coloured stores.† This strategy validated the fact that Dixons focused more towards selling good product in well-designed stores, but customer satisfaction was overlooked and it did not occupy centre position in the strategic approach of the company. A general formal marketing planning process is segregated into four parts that is goal setting, analysing present situations, create marketing strategies and allocate the marketing monitoring system and resources. In the goal setting segment companies set their mission and objectives. Dixons also established its mission to stock products and sell them in brightly coloured stores. Their objective was to offer variety of products and generate lucrative return s. However, the company missed customer service, which its competitors took advantage of. So it can be said that Dixons followed the first step of marketing planning process. The second step is to analyse current situation. The company came to know about its drawbacks during the economic crisis in 2006. It identified that there were major threats of recession in the global market and its competitors Best Buy started grabbing market share by providing better services to customers. At this juncture, Dixons revolutionised its move towards customers. This proves that the company followed the second step of marketing planning process too. The third step is to create marketing strategies, which Dixons rolled out in order to face the intense competition. It can be also called a transformation strategy of the company because it changed the focus of the company from being product oriented to customer oriented. The new business model also re-defined five specific objectives for the company. T he fourth and final stage was to allocate resources and monitor the plan. The major focus was now on after-sales and support and customer choice, value and service was the major function in the new business model. This discussion proves how Dixons followed and applied marketing planning process for devising the strategies (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Answer 2 Business functions are those operations that are performed in a routine manner to achieve the business objectives of the organisation. In retail chains like Dixons, there are various business functions that they perform such as selling, which include sales, marketing, distribution or logistics, research and development. In supporting functions, activities like purchasing, human resource management, etc are performed. However, these are the internal functions, while the external business function in relation to these functions are advertising, market research, recruitment among others. In this part of the report will throw light on the business functions that supported the marketing plan of Dixons to become a success (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Before the transformation strategy came into existence, Dixons specifically focused on distribution, supply, purchase and sales. However, after implementing the transformation strategy marketing strategies were enhanced and objectives were altered to develop competitive advantage. According to the new business

American History II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History II - Essay Example A tariff refers to either a tax on exports or imports in and out of a country, or, on the other hand, a schedule or list of prices for things such as bus routes, electrical usage or rail service (Kaufman, 1998). From the 1790’s up to the eve of the First World War, Tariffs, often referred to as customs, were, for a long time, the largest source of the American revenue. A subsidy, on the other hand, referred to the assistance paid to an economic sector or business (Kaufman, 1998). A majority of subsidies were created by the U.S. government and offered to subventions in an industry so as to prevent the industry from collapsing. Subsidies, in the United States, were often regarded as a form of trade barrier or protectionism (Kaufman, 1998). This was because it made locally manufactured goods more competitive than imports. Finally, a national bank, in the United States, refers to a private bank operating within the regulatory structure, which might or might not function nationally. The whole meaning of a national bank is that the bank is not subject to state usury laws, which are intended to prevent predatory lending (Kaufman,

A Study Of HIV And Aids Health Essay

A Study Of HIV And Aids Health Essay HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is not like other viruses and different from other, the reason is it attacks the immune system. HIV discovers and destroys a form of white blood cell, T-cells or CD4 cells, which the immune system must have to fight diseases. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and it is the final phase of HIV infection. Possibly, it can take many years to a person get infected from this disease called HIV to get at this stage. With the problem of AIDS refers to that the virus has damaged the immune system to the point at which the human body has a tough time fighting with infections. When some person has one or more than one particular infections, specific cancers or a very low number of T-cells, the person is regarded as a patient of AIDS. HIV transmission can take place when blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, or breast milk from an infected individual comes into the body of an uninfected individual. HIV can come in the body all through a vein, the lining of the anus or rectum, the lining of the vagina, the opening to the penis, the mouth, the eyes, the nose, or cuts and slashes. The most ordinary methods that HIV is transmitted from one individual to another individual is be having sex (anal, vaginal or oral) with an HIV infected individual, or by sharing an infected needles with an HIV, or from if mother is infected from HIV, than the baby also gets infected during birth or through breastfeeding after birth. HIV can also be passed on through receipt of infected blood. Though, from the year 1985, all donated blood in the United States must be tested for HIV. So, the chances of infection all through transfusion of blood or products related to blood is extremely low down. Some healthcare workers have become infected after being stuck with needles containing HIV-infected blood or when infected blood comes in contact with a workers open cut or is splashed into a workers eyes or inside their nose. There has been only one instance of a patient being infected by an HIV-infected dentist to his patient. HIV attacks the immune system. The immune system is a group of cells and organs that protect your body by fighting disease. The human immune system usually finds and kills viruses fairly quickly. However, different viruses attack different parts of the body. HIV attacks a special type of immune system cell known as a CD4 lymphocyte. HIV has many ways of evading the bodys defenses including the ability to rapidly mutate. This means that once HIV has taken hold, the immune system can never fully get rid of it. In the situation, if left is not treated, then HIV will ultimately weaken the immune system to the extent that an individual will become sick with different types of infections, known as opportunistic infections. AIDS defining illness are considered to be as most serious opportunistic infections. When an individual becomes sick with one of the AIDS defining illness, he is said to have AIDS. There isnt any way to tell just by looking if someones been infected by HIV. In fact, a person infected with HIV may look and feel perfectly well for many years and may not know that they are infected. However, as the persons immune system weakens, they become increasingly vulnerable to illnesses. The only reliable way to tell whether someone has HIV is for them to take a simple blood test, which can detect infection within just a few weeks after the virus enters the body. The most important type of treatment for HIV or AIDS is known as antiretroviral treatment. This treatment comprises of drugs that should be taken every single day for the remaining life. The main motive of antiretroviral treatment is to remain the proportion of HIV in the human body at very low level. This also discontinues weakening of the immune system and permits the immune system to get better from any damage that HIV possibly has caused by now. If an individual is taking two or more than two antiretroviral drugs at the same time, that is called combination therapy. By taking a combination of three or more anti-HIV drugs is a little referred to as HAART. HAART stands for Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Luckily, there are more than 20 approved antiretroviral drugs accessible and unluckily, there is no list licensed or available in each and every country. Initially, the combination of drugs that an individual is given is called first-line therapy. If after some time, HIV becomes opposed to this combination or if there will be any side effects, a move to second line therapy is suggested. Second line therapy consists of at least of three new drugs so as to increase success. Apart from this, there are many other things through which you can decrease the risk of catching HIV or passing it along to someone else. The simplest is to withdraw or abstain from sex like so not have oral, anal or vaginal. Until, you should have love or relationship with only one person or having sex with only each other and both of you should be familiar with each others HIV status. If any of you have HIV, use protection like condoms to avoid other sexually transmitted diseases and likely infections with a different damage of HIV. If only one of you has HIV, use a latex condom and lubricant every time you have sex. If you have, or plan to have, more than one sex partner, get tested for HIV. If you are a man who has had sex with other men, get tested at least once a year. If you are a woman who is planning to get pregnant or who is pregnant, get tested as soon as possible before you have your baby. Talk about HIV and other STDs with each partner before you have sex. Learn as much as you can about each partners past behavior, including sex and drug use, and consider the risks to your health before you have sex. Ask your partners if they have recently been tested for HIV, and encourage those who have not been tested to do so. Use a latex condom and lubricant every time you have sex. If you think you may have been exposed to another STD, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, or Chlamydia, get treatment. These STDs can increase your risk of getting HIV. Get vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus. Even if you think you ha ve a low risk for HIV infection, get tested whenever you have a regular medical check-up. Do not inject illicit drugs. You can get HIV through needles, syringes, and other paraphernalia if they are contaminated with the blood of someone who has HIV. Drugs also cloud your judgment, which may result in riskier sex. If you do inject drugs, use only clean needles and syringes, and never share needles or syringes. Be careful not to expose yourself to another persons blood. Get tested for HIV at least once a year. Also, consider getting counseling and treatment for your drug use, and get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B. Fortunately, there are numerous organizations that assist HIV/AIDS victims and are constantly working to find a cure. One of these organizations is the Global AIDS Alliance (GAA). The goal of the GAA is to stop the global AIDS crisis and to limit the impact it has on poor countries that are hit hardest by the epidemic. The GAA was founded in 2001 and plays a critical role in shaping the AIDS policy debate and campaigns to speed the global response to HIV/AIDS. In just a few years, the GAA has achieved considerable success in increasing funding and influencing AIDS policy. In the future, the GAA plans to achieve universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care by 2010. Works Cited AIDS/HIV. About.com. Jan. 2009. 11 Jan. 2009 . Global Aids Alliance. 2008. 11 Jan. 2009 . HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Jan. 2009. Department of Health and Human Services. 11 Jan. 2009 . Mulvihill, M. L., M. Zelman, P. Holdaway, E. Tompary, and J. Raymond. Instructors Resource Manual: Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. What is Aids? Avert: Averting HIV and AIDS. Dec. 2008. 11 Jan. 2009 .

Comparing the Impact of Darwin on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and She Essay

The Impact of Darwin on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and She Who Must Be Obeyed      Ã‚   Imagine what would happen if everything you believed to be true was suddenly challenged.   How would you feel if the solid rock bottom of your religious and cultural beliefs turned into a slippery slope of doubt?   Such was the dilemma the Victorians faced with the publication of Darwin's Origin of the Species.      The questioning of man's origin in the form of evolution and survival of the fittest brought an uneasy feeling as to man's place within the hierarchy of the universe.   Darwin's theory that mankind was evolved from apes and not created by a divine being shocked civilized society.   The comparisons between civilized and uncivilized behavior linked through evolution is a predominant theme throughout Victorian literature.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the writings of this era, we can see the preoccupation with the cultural conflict between evolution and creationism.   In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson introduces us to the concept that the beast within us all lies very close to the surface.   He explores the dual personality and the constant battle waged within oneself between civilized and uncivilized behavior.   In his full statement of the case, Dr. Jekyll states, "But I had voluntarily stripped myself of all those balancing instincts by which even the worst of us continues to walk with some degree of steadiness among temptations; and in my case, to be tempted, however slightly, was to fall." (49)   Although Dr. Jeykll was disdainful of Hr. Hyde's thoughts and actions, he recognized within himself that he enjoyed the freedom and the thrills that Mr. Hyde's uncivilized behavior brought.   He enjoyed ... ...ainty.   Both Haggard and Stevenson linked the theory to their stories in an attempt to show us the fine line between civilized and uncivilized, man or beast.   This anxiety and uncertainty was reflected in most of the literature of the time and would continue to be reflected in literature of the future.   And then Darwin comes along with The Descent of Man!    Works Cited and Consulted: Cohen, Morton N. Rider Haggard: His life & works. NY: Walker & Company, 1960. Haggard, Henry Rider. She. New York: Oxford University Press, 1887, 1991.    Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First Vintage Classics Edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.    Veeder, William. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde after One Hundred Years. Eds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Veeder and Gordon Hirsch. Chicago: University of Chicago  Press, 1988.

American Connector Company Analysis Essay

Quality and efficiency is the key to American Connector Company (ACC) success. ACC has lost market share to DJC over the recent years, which will be exacerbated if DJC opens a production facility in the United States. DJC has gained much knowledge from its Kawasaki plant and is going to enter the US market with factories that will be efficient. ACC is in trouble and needs to drastically change the way they do business if they want to survive. Looking and emulating DJC is the first step American Connector needs to follow. American Connector can regain market share and survive by focusing on quality and efficiency. ACC needs to do the following to ensure success before DJC enters the US market:1)Redesigning their factory layout for a more streamlined operation. 2)Purchase new equipment that is in better shape and more efficient. Institute a good maintenance program to ensure the equipment runs properly. 3)Work with the consumer to create a good simplistic design. 4)Continue to keep employees happy to make sure they remain at the company and ACC retains this intellectual property. 5)Implement a Quality Control Division. ACC cannot rely on identifying defective parts only after production. They need to implement quality control throughout the process, which will reduce costs and increase efficiency and profitability. Industry Background Japan and the United States have had a different mentality and work ethic over the past centuries but it has become especially apparent over the last 30 years. The United States relies on money, technological sophistication and reputation/name recognition. Japan has been able to get ahead with hard work, innovations, and technological advances. To the dislike of many American companies, Japan has taken technologies created by US companies and reverse engineered and improved on them until they were the dominant company in the industry. A good example is shown with the DJC  Corporation in Japan. They took ideas, concepts and technology from American companies and made them even more efficient and successful. The electrical connector industry is large. These connectors do everything from attach wires to wires, wires to outlets, attach wires, components or chips to PC boards, or attach PC boards to other boards. These connectors have two main parts: a plastic housing and metal socket pins or terminals. The applications range from military and aerospace to computers to telecommunications to automobiles. There are thousands of standard connector product lines. The pricing of the connector depends on its level of technology and industry use. In the 1970’s there was a large boom in the United States and companies took advantage of it. Demand slowed in the 1980’s leading to many suppliers for a reduced need leading to consumers being able to demand their prices. The miniaturization of circuitry and technological advances led to the need for new connectors and manufacturing techniques. The demands of the consumer were highly specific. This allowed other competitors to enter the US market. Lessons LearnedA. DJC at the Kawasaki Plant1) Efficiency – DJC continued to review and adjust their production facilities to find the most efficient way to operate. This focus on efficiency has created a cost efficient way of producing wire connectors that cannot be rivaled. It will take other companies years to match the efficiency of the Japanese production facilities. The Just-In-Time delivery of resources and demand on their raw material suppliers to have almost daily deliveries of supplies, DJC reduced the need for large warehouses saving money. The use of tape rolls of connectors was a design that the consumer liked and found easy for use at their production facilities. The design of their product packaging led to a more efficient way to palletize and containerize their products for shipment to distributors. While DJC maintains about two months of finished goods, the design of the packaging reduces the room it requires in the warehouse. 2) Quality – Japan’s streamlined operations has allowed it to add quality assurance to their production process. Through this high quality and lack of flawed parts they have gained a good reputation, which was something that was normally reserved for American companies. The continuous inspections, replacement or worn parts and the high level of maintenance of the equipment allowed the factory to run smoothly. The focus on fixing problems before they happened has led to fewer problems encountered on the production line. 3) Links to Customers – DJC maintained a close link with its customer and took the customer input to adjust the connectors to meet customer needs. This allowed DJC to be proactive and stay ahead of changing trends within the computer industry. The simplified designs they created required fewer raw materials increasing efficiency and reducing costs. 4) Trade Secrets – DJC reverse engineered many of its early connectors from designs from other companies. This sped up the design process and allowed them to quickly enter the market. They did not want the same thing to happen to them so they had contracts written up with suppliers and created an internal design division that did their work in house. This allowed DJC to keep their innovative ideas to themselves, maintaining their advantage over the competition. 5) Plant Layout – DJC focused on the best way to produce connectors. Their plant layout and simplified design process allowed for an efficient operation, utilizing the factory space to its fullest. The process was set up in the most logical and efficient manner allowing for an increase in quality and reduction in personnel. The new Japanese plants were highly automated but DJC focused on â€Å"pre-automation† to ensure the plant runs smoothly. All people that work within the factory understand their role and are properly trained, materials are centrally located, quality and goals were clearly laid out and continuous improvements are sought. The limited number of products that DJC produces for their consumer allows them to schedule long production runs. 6) Goal Setting – The management was involved in all aspects of decision-making. They understood the importance of the having an overall goal that is understood by all divisions. They created the overall goal and allowed the managers of the different divisions to create their own goals that conformed to the focus of the company. Employees on the line knew the goal of the company and what management expected and solved many of the problems at the lowest level. B. American Connector at Sunnydale1) Operating Problems – The American Connector facilities especially in California are experiencing increases in costs and deterioration in quality. The performance in the plant is leading to the consumer losing confidence in ACC. This will lead the consumer to other options like DJC with a better reputation. 2) Investments – Complacency allowed ACC to believe there was no foreign competition in the US. They did not invest time or money into upgrading their facilities, quality, or capacity. The equipment within the facility is becoming outdated and is not being replaced. 3) Efficiency – The production facility is not run efficiently. There five production areas in the plant. Different areas run at different speeds leaving stockpiles of parts. This leads to inefficiency and an increase in facility space required to hold all of the parts awaiting further assembly. The facility is not fully automated which leads to slower assembly on small runs, which are assembled by hand. The packaging of the connectors is inefficient with the wide range of package designs awkward for storage and shipment. The awkward packaging does not lend itself to proper palletization or containerization taking up extra room in the warehouse. It is hard to adjust production lines with the forecast being done three months in advance. With a difficulty among customers of predicting the success of their products, it is hard for ACC to get ahead or adjust quickly to changing demands. If a different producer is more adaptive they will  steal the sales. 4) Quality – ACC quality has slipped at the Sunnyvale plant. There is a high rate of defective parts. While most of the defective parts do not make it to the customer, the waste of time and supplies costs ACC money. RecommendationsAmerican Connector Company has two options: 1) stay with the status quo; or 2) learn from the success of DJC and change their approach to head off DJC’s competition in the US market. Really there is only one option for American Connector. Whether ACC believes it or not DJC will enter the US market. They need to change their mindset and do what is best for the company. With the way the US connector market has played out, it is open for international companies to enter the market. ACC must change their mindset and stop being complacent. The lack of rivalry did has not spurred ACC to be innovative and create new ideas but allowed them to stay with the status quo missing the surge from their competitors. Complacency has led to outdated equipment and an inefficient plant operation. By taking the lessons that DJC learned at their Kawasaki plant, ACC can increase efficiency. If ACC streamlines their plant operations, buys new equipment, works with their customers to create a simpler product design, and makes more transportation friendly packaging they can have a more efficient operation. ACC has a couple of advantages over DJC that they need to cash in on. First, they are already in the US market. ACC is already established in America and can avoid many of the barriers to entry i.e. tariffs, taxes and initial financial layout that international companies will experience. ACC needs to build on their good reputation with their US customers. DJC is not keeping their employees longer than an average of 9 years. While they have a good salary for the entry-level employees, their advantage is reduced as employees advance within the company. They do rotate employees to different jobs yearly giving them good experience in different areas but cannot keep them until retirement. If ACC takes care of their employees and  gives them a competitive wage, good benefits and advancement opportunities they should have an advantage over DJC with more efficient workers. References: http://net.mba.wfu.edu/Shafer/FulltimeOpsStrategy/acc%20handouts.ppt

Interest Is the Best Teacher Essays - Educational Psychology

Interest Is the Best Teacher Essays - Educational Psychology Interest Is the Best Teacher 2011051183 Interest Is the Best Teacher The great ideologist Confucius had a prominent saying: knowing a thing is not as good as liking it, while enjoying it ranks the best. The saying points out a truth that interest is the best teacher. A man who is fond of what he learns will more likely to have a higher achievement than those who arent. Learning is a kind of hard work to a certain degree. It is a process of reading, deep thinking, repeated exercises and practices which need great perseverance and diligence to resist temptations and keep on. Interest can endow us with the power to go through the hard process and even transform it into a joy. Second, interest ensures a positive attitude during learning so that we can learn better. The Apple founder Steve Jobs said stay hungry, stay foolish as an advisement to the students at the end of his speech in Stanford University. The words mean a man should always keep unsatisfied and curious in study. Interest is the best way to keep us thirsty for knowledge and then we will make unceasing progress. Whats more, learning itself is not the ultimate goal but using is. With interest, we can devote ourselves to the career we enthusiastic about, to verify and develop what we learn through the practices. Being lazy is always easier compared to learning. Interest is the mainspring that keeps us away from laziness and maintain moving forward.

Pascals Triangle Essays - Blaise Pascal, Combinatorics, Free Essays

Pascals Triangle Essays - Blaise Pascal, Combinatorics, Free Essays Pascals Triangle Pascals Triangle Blas Pacal was born in France in 1623. He was a child prodigy and was fascinated by mathematics. When Pascal was 19 he invented the first calculating machine that actually worked. Many other people had tried to do the same but did not succeed. One of the topics that deeply interested him was the likelihood of an event happening (probability). This interest came to Pascal from a gambler who asked him to help him make a better guess so he could make an educated guess. In the coarse of his investigations he produced a triangular pattern that is named after him. The pattern was known at least three hundred years before Pascal had discover it. The Chinese were the first to discover it but it was fully developed by Pascal (Ladja , 2). Pascal's triangle is a triangluar arrangement of rows. Each row except the first row begins and ends with the number 1 written diagonally. The first row only has one number which is 1. Beginning with the second row, each number is the sum of the number written just above it to the right and the left. The numbers are placed midway between the numbers of the row directly above it. If you flip 1 coin the possibilities are 1 heads (H) or 1 tails (T). This combination of 1 and 1 is the firs row of Pascal's Triangle. If you flip the coin twice you will get a few different results as I will show below (Ladja, 3): Let's say you have the polynomial x+1, and you want to raise it to some powers, like 1,2,3,4,5,.... If you make a chart of what you get when you do these power-raisins, you'll get something like this (Dr. Math, 3): (x+1)^0 = 1 (x+1)^1 = 1 + x (x+1)^2 = 1 + 2x + x^2 (x+1)^3 = 1 + 3x + 3x^2 + x^3 (x+1)^4 = 1 + 4x + 6x^2 + 4x^3 + x^4 (x+1)^5 = 1 + 5x + 10x^2 + 10x^3 + 5x^4 + x^5 ..... If you just look at the coefficients of the polynomials that you get, you'll see Pascal's Triangle! Because of this connection, the entries in Pascal's Triangle are called the binomial coefficients.There's a pretty simple formula for figuring out the binomial coefficients (Dr. Math, 4): n! [n:k] = k! (n-k)! 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 For example, [6:3] = = 20. 3 * 2 * 1 * 3 * 2 * 1 The triangular numbers and the Fibonacci numbers can be found in Pascal's triangle. The triangular numbers are easier to find: starting with the third one on the left side go down to your right and you get 1, 3, 6, 10, etc (Swarthmore, 5) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 6 4 1 1 5 10 10 5 1 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1 The Fibonacci numbers are harder to locate. To find them you need to go up at an angle: you're looking for 1, 1, 1+1, 1+2, 1+3+1, 1+4+3, 1+5+6+1 (Dr. Math, 4). Another thing I found out is that if you multiply 11 x 11 you will get 121 which is the 2nd line in Pascal's Triangle. If you multiply 121 x 11 you get 1331 which is the 3rd line in the triangle (Dr. Math, 4). If you then multiply 1331 x 11 you get 14641 which is the 4th line in Pascal's Triangle, but if you then multiply 14641 x 11 you do not get the 5th line numbers. You get 161051. But after the 5th line it doesn't work anymore (Dr. Math, 4). Another example of probability: Say there are four children Annie, Bob, Carlos, and Danny (A, B, C, D). The teacher wants to choose two of them to hand out books; in how many ways can she choose a pair (ladja, 4)? 1.A & B 2.A & C 3.A & D 4.B & C 5.B & D 6.C & D There are six ways to make a choice of a pair. If the teacher wants to send three students: 1.A, B, C 2.A, B, D 3.A, C, D 4.B, C, D If the teacher wants to send a group of K children where K may range from 0-4; in how many ways will she choose the children K=0 1 way (There is only

The effect of salt temperature on ice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effect of salt temperature on ice - Essay Example These bonds hold the molecules together forming the solid ice (Churchill et al). The salt ions dissolved alter the existing hydrogen bonding in the solid ice and this has an effect on the normal freezing point of the ice causing the temperatures to drop. In this experiment we are going to determine the effect of salt on the temperature of ice. In the first bowl, when the salt is added on the ice, at first nothing happens but after sometime, the temperature of the ice drops before the ice starts melting. The ice the melts gradually and the temperature increases. In the second bowl, the ice starts melting at 0oC a.nd melts gradually as temperatures increases. When salt is added to ice, it is able to lower the freezing point of any water molecules that are on the surface of the ice and this prevents it from freezing again hence helping to melt the ice surrounding the solid ice. Water that is pure in nature has its freezing point fixed at 0oC while salt is able to melt down ice to a temperature of about

D2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

D2 - Assignment Example fety, I.5 – The educator shall not intentionally expose the student to embarrassment or disparagement, and I.8 – The educator shall not disclose information about students obtained in the course of professional service unless disclosure serves a compelling professional purpose or is required by law (National Education Association, 1975). Explore the Issue (state the facts): The student diagnosed with ADHD scares the younger children at times. The student has a medical condition that causes this behavior. The teacher of the younger students wishes to know what the issue is with the diagnosed student to be able to better handle the effects on his or her students. Initial ideas to solve the problem: If the student directly affects the students in the other teacher’s class, disclosure is acceptable. If the student does not directly affect the students in the other teacher’s class, disclosure is not needed. Actions can be taken to work with the student who is diagnosed in attempt to mitigate the issue. 3. Work with the other teachers being affected by the student’s behavior, and the student themselves, as well as the parents of the diagnosed student to create an IEP that serves to meet the needs of the student, as well as all of the needs of other students that may be affected through the assistance of all adults involved. Revisit, Reflect and Finalize Solution: The best solution is to work with the administrators, counselors, parents, and other affected teachers to come up with an IEP (Individualized Education Plan), which will afford all students the best possible learning environment, and at the same time, ensure that the needs of all students are being met to the educator’s and to the school’s best

Role of Registered Nurse in Hospice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Registered Nurse in Hospice - Essay Example Their goal is to reduce suffering, control symptoms and restore functional capacity of patients suffering from incurable, progressive illnesses. A RN in a hospice setting has to fill several roles from medication and supervision to emotional support. They also have to be extremely sensitive to the patient’s personal, cultural and religious values, beliefs and practices. Patients in hospice care are not on any type of life-prolonging medical treatment (Hussain, 2011). Instead, they are put on pain management and other comfort measures to assist them in the dying process (Hussain, 2011). Since it is not easy to care for patients with terminal illnesses, the role of a Registered Nurse is pivotal in ensuring that the patients and their families have a supportive and caring environment. A Registered Nurse in hospice care is required to perform a variety of roles as listed below: Case Manager As a case manager, the RN is responsible for assessing and managing the patient’s ca re. Each patient is assigned one case manager so that they can build a trusting relationship and ensure continuity of care. The RN is also the eyes and ears of the hospice physician and, therefore, must have expert assessment skills. As part of their role, the RN monitors the vital signs, manage medications, especially pain medications and take care of the overall needs of the patient (Morrow, 2009). They are required to assess pain, symptoms, nutritional status, bowel functions, safety, and psychosocial-spiritual concerns of the patient and the family (Knight & Gunten, 2004). The RN also plays a major role in educating the family about the disease progression, use of medications, daily care needs and other aspects of the overall plan of care (Knight & Gunten, 2004). If a patient has a food craving late at night, the RN will also arrange for someone to get it from the store (Morrow, 2009). If the patient is at home, the nurse may also help the family members in doing some of the hou sehold chores, so that the family can focus on their loved one. In a hospice setting, the RN has the unique opportunity to witness a patient’s last moments and therefore, they must be extremely compassionate and empathetic. They serve as advocates for the patient, ensuring that all activities work towards the benefit of the patient. They should also be a critical thinker so as to ensure that the entire stay of the patient in the hospice facility is supportive and caring. The RN is also required to educate and supervise the nursing assistants to coordinate care for the patient. Intake and Admission Nurse As an intake and admissions nurse, the RN is often the first hospice personnel to meet the patient. They meet with the patient and their family and spend a considerable amount of time with them explaining the philosophy of hospice and developing an appropriate plan of care (Morrow, 2009). The RN is also responsible for conducting a complete assessment of the patient and determ ining the needs and preparedness of the patient to stay in a hospice setting (Morrow, 2009). They then consult with the hospice physician before admitting a patient into the facility. Once the patient is admitted, the RN orders the required medications and equipment and begins educating the patient and the family about hospice care. Triage Nurse As a triage nurse, the RN

Police Perception In My Community Essay Example for Free

Police Perception In My Community Essay INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE Community Oriented Policing is a philosophy and not a specific tactic, It is a proactive, decentralized approach, designed to reduce crime, disorder, and by extension, fear of crime, by intensely involving the same officer in the same community on a long-term basis, so that residents will develop trust to cooperate with police by providing information and assistance to achieve those three crucial goals (Trojanowicz   and Carter,1988) The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Crime Act) is widely recognized as a significant milestone in community policing. It was intended by President Clinton and Attorney General Reno as the â€Å"changing of policing.† The legislation provided the funding vehicle for an additional 100,000 police officers to boost law enforcement efforts in a climate of nationwide anxiety about crime. The Act gave the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (OCOPS) the task of supporting a major drive toward rooting community policing in solid foundations to become the prevailing orthodoxy in American law enforcement. (Nicholl, 1999) Law Enforcement Agencies throughout the country look to Office of Community Oriented Policing Services to improve their own services. According to OCOPS, â€Å" Community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requires police and citizens to join together as partners in the course of both identifying and effectively addressing these issues.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to note then the Public’s Perception of the Police is an essential element for the success of Community Policing-based strategies. Throughout the country, studies have been made that correlate Police Perception and Community Policing. During the past 20 years, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes (Frank et al,2005) The author then, as a member of the Chesterfield Police Department, has a special interest in Community Policing and Police Perception, most especially in his own community. This research them aims to study Police Perception particularly in the Community of Chesterfield Township, a part of The County of Macomb in the state of Michigan.   It is worth mentioning that The   Chesterfield Police Department ‘s aim is embodied in its mission statement:   it is committed to providing the highest quality of public service and crime prevention while maintaining the publics respect and protecting the rights and dignity of everyone. The Chesterfield Police Department is dedicated to strong community relationships while providing a safe environment to enhance the quality of life for our citizens and visitors, which is very much in line with the concept of Community Policing. This is further supported by this Police Department’s value statement , abbreviated as POLICE, which includes developing an everlasting PARTNERSHIP between the Community, having a dedicated to the OATH of protecting and serving all people ,recognizing the importance of all Department members and Citizens, treating each other with fairness, LOYALTY and respect , maintaining   the highest degree of INTEGRITY, being responsible and accountable for their own actions and decisions , believing that COOPERATION and teamwork will enable them to achieve all goals of this Department and having a commitment   to EXCELLENCE in the performance of their   duties (http://www.chesterfieldtownshippolice.com/values.htm)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Chesterfield Police Department’s Mission and Value statements share the same elements with the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services which aims   â€Å"to help law enforcement agencies implement and enhance community policing, defined   as a policing philosophy that promotes and supports organizational strategies to address the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and police-community partnerships.† (C.O.P.S. http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=36/ )   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chesterfield Township is located in Macomb County, Michigan and encompasses an area of approximately 26 square miles. The population at the 2000 census was 37,004.   This increased to 446,962 in the year 2006. (Muller, 2006) The Township was established in 1842 and became a Charter Township in 1989 by Resolution. (Pall, 2002)   In Chesterfield, The number of violent crimes recorded by the FBI in 2003 was 28. The number of murders and homicides was 1. The violent crime rate was 0.7 per 1,000 people.   Meanwhile, in the whole Macomb county, of which Chesterfield is included, a total of   22,395 were reported for the year 2000 , a majority of reports were for Larceny and Motor vehicle theft. Sixteen of the reports for that year were on murder, 309 for rape and 384 reports on robbery for that year (Federal Bureau of Investigation to the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, University of Michigan)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in from scope then that the author gathered data for the completion of this research Guided by feedback from other researches undertaken on Police Perception of the community such as these:   Ã‚   Gathering data on crime and community policing at the local level not only supplements our national data, but also allows local officials to identify their particular crime control needs, said Bureau of Justice Statistics Director Jan Chaiken.   As part of the Justice Departments emphasis on police working with residents in their neighborhoods, we are giving local law enforcement agencies tools to learn more about crimes and public opinion that may not be reported to the police.† Community policing is a crime fighting strategy that encourages law enforcement to work in partnership with the community to solve crime problems. The high degree of citizen support for Americas neighborhood police officers is a testament to the dedicated men and women who work day in and day out to establish relationships with residents in their communities, said Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder.   These relationships help citizens and police work together to promote community safety. (Smith et al, 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In light of these statements, this research was undertaken to determine the Police Perception in the Community of Chesterfield Township, whether it is positive or negative through the use of a Police Perception survey adapted from earlier studies made by other police department in certain cities, particularly Portland (Campbell De long, 2005) , Pasadena (Police Assessment Resource Center, 2006). Chicago (The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium, 2004) and Kentucky (Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition) it also aims to provide demographic breakdown of survey respondents in relation to their Police Perception in Chesterfield Township.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such information will enable the Chesterfield Police Department to continue living out their mission statement and embody the philosophy of Community Policing by either maintaining or improving their performance based on their community’s police perception, as will be determined by the survey done for this study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the hope of this author that this research will also lead to the initiation of other studies concerning his community and the other areas in the County of Macomb, and even the State of Michigan to further improve the Police Departments public service performance to ensure the safety of the citizens. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The idea of examining Police Perception is not new. The community’s perception of the police department has been linked to the success of police programs to promote safety in the neighborhood. A study made by Gallagher. Et al in 2001, summarizes the studies made regarding Police Image and Community’s perception of the Police in a â€Å"The Public Image of the Police: Final Report to The International Association of Chiefs of Police. Research findings point out that : â€Å"Polls of the adult population in the United States since the 1960s show that the majority of the public has an over-all positive view of the police. Depending on the year and the particular measure used, the percentage of respondents with a positive assessment of police has been between 51 and 81 percent. When asked to assess service to their own neighborhoods, respondents tend to produce even higher evaluations. Relatively few citizens offer a negative assessment of police. (Gallagher et al. 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research also recognizes that Police Perception has a great impact on the success of the promulgation of Community Policing. Trojanowicz Carter(   1991) discuss the philosophy and role of community policing. It points out that â€Å"Community Policings unique contribution is a radical departure from the past and the present. While todays community policing efforts retain the best elements of the foot patrol programs of the past, they are intended to avoid both the old systems abuses and shortcomings.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"Community Policing, Community Justice, and Restorative Justice: Exploring the Links for the Delivery of a Balanced Approach to Public Safety† Nicholl in 1999 with a report funded by Grant No. 98-CK-WX-0059 awarded to the National Victim Center by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. It discusses the concept of Community extensively, in a policy-maker’s perspective.   Liou Savage make the connection between Community Policing Strategies and Public Perception of Police through their research â€Å"Citizen Perception of Community Policing Impact† This study examines the impact of community policing by analyzing citizens perception of crime and police work before and after implementation of a community-oriented policing program in three neighborhoods in the city of West Palm Beach, Florida. The study reveals very positive findings about the community policing, including: perception of decreased local crime, increased perception of police performance, neighborhood improvement, and police-community relationship. Implications concerning the relationship between the community and the police, and citizen satisfaction and public services are discussed.( Liou Savage) Many other studies have been done to examine Police perception and these take into consideration different variables, being done in various settings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frank, Smith and Novak (2005) focused on the reasons why citizens have certain attitudes towards police officer. Their study â€Å"uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a Midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when responding to questions regarding their general and specific attitudes toward the police. The findings suggest that citizens focus on attributes of agencies and encounters, some focus on the behavior of officers during interactions, and others base their attitudes on general perceptions of the occupation of policing.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A comprehensive look at   Police perception issues can be found in Brown Benedict’s article â€Å"Perceptions of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications† which is a   research updates and expands upon Decker’s article â€Å"Citizen attitudes toward the police: a review of past findings and suggestions for future policy† by summarizing the findings from more than 100 articles on perceptions of and attitudes toward the police. Initially, the value of research on attitudes toward the police is discussed. Then the research pertaining to the impact of individual level variables (e.g. race) and contextual level variables (e.g. neighborhood) on perceptions of the police is reviewed. Studies of juveniles’ attitudes toward the police, perceptions of police policies and practices, methodological issues and conceptual issues are also discussed. This review of the literature indicates that only four variables (age, contact with police, neighborhood, and race) have consistently been proven to affect attitudes toward the police. (Brown Benedict,2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of application, several police departments have made their own studies on Police Perception. â€Å"Community Policing in Chicago an Evaluation of Chicago’s Alternative Policing Strategy†   Prepared by The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium was done in through a grant awarded to   award to the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority in 2004. The â€Å"Portland Police Bureau 2005 Community Assessment Survey† was conducted for: City of Portland, Bureau of Police by Campbell de long resources Inc in August 2005 Police Assessment Resource Center and   Vera Institute of Justice completed â€Å"Assessing Police-Community Relations in Pasadena, California† in 2006 . The Kentucky Crime Prevention Coalition, meanwhile, adapted the use of a Community Policing Survey. HYPOTHESIS H0= There is no significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department H1= There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department METHODOLOGY:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Taking into consideration the limitations in man power and resources for this research, a simple random sampling method was applied to come up with the survey results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on the calculation for a 95 per cent confidence level and confidence interval of five, the sample size was 275.   The survey was conducted by distributing survey forms in several households   around the Township of Chesterfield. Respondents were limited to Chesterfield residents above 18 years of age. Only one respondent per household was accepted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These survey forms, consisting of eight simple questions pertaining to the residents’ perception of the police, which was based on survey forms used by other Police Departments as stated in the literature review. Only eight questions were included in the survey, because these questions focused on Police Perception. This is due to the scope and resource limitation stated earlier. A copy of this questionnaire is included in the appendix section of this paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This study’s objective is to present data about Police Perception of the residents of the Township of Chesterfield in Macomb County in the State of Michigan. This research is done to show that the general perception of police in the sample population perceive the police positively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The sample size was 275 respondents in the township of Chesterfield, which has a population of 446,962 in the   latest census in the year 2006. Based on a confidence level of 95 and a confidence interval of 5, the sample size is sufficient to estimate the response of this community regarding their perception of the Chesterfield Police Department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Figure 1 shows the demographic breakdown of respondents by race. More than half of the respondents were Caucasians, which also reflected the actual population of Caucasians, 93 % of Chesterfield population, in the 2000 Census made by the US Census Bureau. In the sample population, 61 per cent was composed of Caucasian or white residents. Other races composes   14.5 percent and 12 percent were of African-American descent. Asians comprised 5.5 per cent and 4.4 % of sample population were Hispanics/Latino. Meanwhile, 1.1 per cent was   American Indians and Pacific islanders compose on 0.7 per cent. Based on these figures, it can be surmised that the Chesterfield Township was predominantly Caucasian, in terms of the population. The relationship of this data to the results concerning Police Perception will be discussed later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study only included residents who were 18 years old of age and above. The data shows that   majority of respondents were from the 18-29 age group, with a percentage of 39 of the sample population. The age group with the least number of respondents was that of residents 50-59 years old, representing only 9 per cent of the sample population. This signifies that the Chesterfield township has fairly young residents, as seen by the larger percentage of those below middle age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the limited man power and resources, the author opt to estimate Police Perception using only eight questions adapted from other studies stated earlier. The first three questions were on how the community perceived police officers, based on their encounters. The fourth question estimated the residents’ opinion about the adequacy of the number of police officers in the community. The fifth, sixth and seventh questions estimated residents’ perception of police based on three parameters- behavior, ability to assess needs and relationship of police officers to residents themselves. The last question asked the residents to give their over-all perception by indicating their rating for the Chesterfield Township Police Department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Figure 3 Police Perception Responses in Chesterfield Township Community shows the relationships of responses of residents to the first three survey questions. As evident in the chart, answers for the questions on police perception based on encounters follow a similar pattern, indicating that most respondents agree that police officers are prompt, professional and fair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Figure 4 represents the respondent’s opinion on the need for more police officers in the community. Based on the results gathered, majority, 36.4 per cent , slightly agree that there is a need for more police officers in the community. As a whole, though, it can be seen that more residents disagreed and strongly disagreed, 14.5 and 7.3 per cent respectively, that there was further need for more police presence as compared to respondents who agreed,9.1 per cent, and strongly agreed,1.8 per cent to the augmentation of police visibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With regard to the Chesterfield community’s perception of Police based on three parameters, their responses follow a similar trend, as evident in Figure 5. In terms of behavior, 49 . 5 per cent rated police â€Å"Good†. 32. 7 % gave Chesterfield police officers a rating of â€Å"excellent†. â€Å"Fair was how 14. 5 per cent rated police in the community while 3.6 per cent did not know how to answer this question. In their ability to address the need of the community, Chesterfield police officers were   again rated â€Å"Good† by 54 . 5 per cent of   the residents.    An â€Å"Excellent† rating was given by 29.1 per cent, while â€Å"Fair† was what 11. 6 per cent deemed appropriate. There were 4.7 per cent of the population, though, that didn’t know how to rate their police officers. When it comes to relationships between Chesterfield residents and their community’s police, majority, 43.6 per cent chose to rate this, as â€Å"Good†, Fair was give as rating by 27. 3 per cent of the population and 21.8 gave an â€Å"Excellent† mark. There were 7.3 residents, though that were still unsure how to rate the Chesterfield community’s relationship with its police officers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on this information, Police perception in   the areas specified were rated â€Å"Good† by a majority of Chesterfield residents. This point out a positive view of the township’s police officers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In relation to this positive response, the over-all rating of Chesterfield township community residents is seen in Figure 6. However, here, we see a shift of the rating from â€Å"Good† to Fair†. Apparently, most residents, 40.4 per cent particularly, perceive the Chesterfield Police Departments’ performance as â€Å"Fair†. Thirty two per cent believe that the township’s police deserve a â€Å"good† rating. Approximately 25 per cent believe their Police force is â€Å"Excellent† HYPOTHESIS TESTING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This limitation of this study has been presented in the previous chapters. It is important to reiterate that this is mainly, a descriptive study. However, for research purposes, the Hypothesis that â€Å" There is a significant percentage of Chesterfield Residents who Have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department† has been stated, with its corresponding null hypothesis â€Å" There is   no significant lower percentage of Chesterfield Residents who have a have a positive perception of the Chesterfield Police Department†. Based on the data presented, there is evidence to believe that on all eight questions, the community’s police perception leaned towards a positive image of the members of the Chesterfield Police department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although specific statistical tools were not applied on the data, the descriptive statistics show that the Hypothesis should be accepted and the null hypothesis are rejected. CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This study aims to observe the Chesterfield community’s perception of its police officers. Based on the data present, it is evident that most residents of this community hold a positive perception of their police officers. Descriptive Statistics show evidence of these, based on the percentages of positive responses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This study, however is simplistic and there are a lot about Police perception these communities that should be evaluated so that they are translated into information that can improve the services of the Police Department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The data gathered for this research however, can be a guide to others who will pursue such inquiry on Police Perception and who are interested in this area as a means on evaluation of Community Policing Programs, much like what other police   departments have done in their respective communities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is important to point out, however, that more resource be invested in such an endeavor to be able to come up with data that is comprehensive and more accurate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the hope of this author, though that this simple research has given a glimpse of the Chesterfield’s community’s perception of its police officers, and serve as a spring board to more advanced and relevant research. 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